流程交叉 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	流程交叉
品名（英）	Processional Cross
入馆年号	1999年，1999.103
策展部门	迈克尔·洛克菲勒之翼（The Michael C. Rockefeller Wing）
创作者	Ezra【1460 至 1522】【埃塞俄比亚人】
创作年份	公元 1480 - 公元 1520
创作地区	埃塞俄比亚, 提格雷州（Ethiopia, Tigray）
分类	木雕（Wood-Sculpture）
尺寸	高 18 × 宽 8 3/4 × 深 1 3/4 英寸 (45.7 × 22.2 × 4.4 厘米)
介绍（中）	这个十字架是在提格雷省创建的，靠近红海，这是埃塞俄比亚最早的王国和非洲基督教的发源地。十七世纪之前的一小部分埃塞俄比亚基督教作品幸存下来。这种非凡的作品，其中非常不寻常的材料相互作用提供了丰富的色调对比，是一次巡回演出。雕刻木结构的坚固性被精细应用的金属镶嵌物渗透。这项工作的复杂性，每一面都精心设计，是无与伦比的。它被认为是以斯拉（约1460-1522）的，他是斯蒂芬派修道院的成员。斯蒂芬派被公认为最重要的十字架雕刻师和手稿的照明者。在骑士团流亡埃及期间，以斯拉被认为加强了他作为工匠的培训并学习了镶嵌技术。有人认为他可能是在以手稿而闻名的冈达贡德修道院创作这部作品的。在埃塞俄比亚教会中，木制十字架被认为是被基督的宝血成圣的，这赋予了它无限的能力来治愈和祝福。从十字架脚分支的叶子和有机交错设计被解释为象征天堂之树，因此是一种充满活力的生命力量。受埃塞俄比亚皇室委托，这些作品被赠送给重要的修道院，在礼仪游行中携带。
介绍（英）	This cross was created in the province of Tigray, near the Red Sea, the birthplace of Ethiopia's earliest kingdom and of Christianity in Africa. A small corpus of Ethiopian Christian works from before the seventeenth century has survived. This exceptional creation, in which a highly unusual interplay of materials affords rich tonal contrasts, is a tour de force. The solidity of the carved-wood structure is permeated by finely applied metal inlays. The complexity of this work, with each side elaborately distinct, is unrivaled. It has been attributed to Ezra (ca. 1460-1522), a member of the Stephanite monastic order. The Stephanites came to be recognized as the foremost carvers of crosses and illuminators of manuscripts. During a period of the order's exile in Egypt, Ezra is reputed to have enhanced his training as a craftsman and learned the technique of marquetry. It has been suggested that he may have produced this work at the Gunda Gunde monastery, renowned for its manuscripts. In the Ethiopian church, the wooden cross is perceived as having been sanctified by Christ's blood, which conferred upon it infinite power to heal and to bless. Foliate and organic interlace designs, branching from the foot of the cross, are interpreted as symbolizing the Tree of Paradise, and thus a vibrant life-giving force. Commissioned by Ethiopian royalty, such works were presented to important monasteries to be carried in liturgical processions.