面部烧杯 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	面部烧杯
品名（英）	Face Beaker
入馆年号	1987年，1987.394.318
策展部门	迈克尔·洛克菲勒之翼（The Michael C. Rockefeller Wing）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1300 - 公元 1600
创作地区	秘鲁（Peru）
分类	金属容器（Metal-Containers）
尺寸	高 6 1/2 × 宽 2 × 深 3 英寸 (16.5 × 5.1 × 7.6 厘米)
介绍（中）	大约从9世纪到16世纪初，秘鲁就有人用贵金属制作了一面人脸的烧杯。据说，在中海岸和南海岸的许多地方都发现了类似鸟喙的突出鼻子。因为没有一个是考古学家挖掘的，所以他们的文化归属是不确定的。在文献中，他们被称为Chimú、Chincha、Ica和Inca。对ChimúBeaker的面部特征，特别是眼睛和鼻子进行更自然的渲染，将有助于证明其属于该文化烧杯的尺寸不同，从2到16英寸高。有些是直边的，而另一些是喇叭形的底部和阶梯形的顶部。许多是由一片银制成的，将金属锤击在雕刻的木模上，木模背面平整，锤击时用楔子固定到位；其他人在背部和底部有焊接接缝。尽管烧杯上的脸相当标准化，嘴通常是向下的，但在repousseé的头饰描绘中有很大的变化。许多人的后脑勺上都有样式化的玉米芯，呈圆形或通过焊接连接，这可能是在仪式期间使用这种烧杯饮用发酵的玉米啤酒。
介绍（英）	Beakers with human faces on one side made of precious metals were worked in Peru from about the ninth to the early sixteenth century. Those with pronounced noses, resembling bird beaks, are said to have been found in many parts along the Central and South Coasts. Because none were excavated by archaeologists, their cultural attribution is uncertain. In the literature they are variously called Chimú, Chincha, Ica, and Inca. The more naturalistic rendering of the facial features on Chimú beakers, particularly the eyes and noses, would argue against their attribution to that culture. The beakers were made in different sizes, from two to sixteen inches in height. Some are straight-sided, while others have flared bases and stepped tops. Many were made from a single sheet of silver by hammering the metal over carved wood molds that are flat in back and held in place by a wedge during hammering; others have soldered seams along the back and bottom. Although the faces on the beakers are quite standardized, the mouth usually downturned, there is great variety in the depiction of headdresses worked in repoussé. Many have stylized corncobs at the back of the head, in repoussé or attached by soldering, perhaps a reference to the use of such beakers for drinking chicha, a fermented corn beer, during rituals.