从北京到长江的大运河地图 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	从北京到长江的大运河地图
品名（英）	Map of the Grand Canal from Beijing to the Yangzi River
入馆年号	2003年，2003.417
策展部门	亚洲艺术（Asian Art）
创作者	Unidentified artist
创作年份	公元 1767 - 公元 1833
创作地区
分类	绘画（Paintings）
尺寸	图像: 21 7/8 英寸 × 30 ft. 7 英寸 (55.6 × 932.2 厘米) 整体: 高 32 1/4 英寸 (81.9 厘米)
介绍（中）	管理中国复杂的河流、运河和灌溉系统网络一直是统治者长期关注的问题之一。从十四世纪起，大运河成为将长江以南富裕农业地区的粮食运输到北方首都北京的大动脉。同样重要的是，黄河和其他流经运河的河流系统不断发出洪水威胁。在满清王朝（1644–1911）统治下，康熙（1662–1722年在位）和乾隆（1736–95年在位）皇帝在定期巡视帝国时，都亲自检查了该地区的水利管理措施这张地图沿着大运河的路线从北京附近向南延伸到长江。在艺术上，它介于现代制图记录和20世纪之前中国常用的更具图像性的地图制作方法之间。虽然大多数元素都是示意性渲染的，但紫禁城、扬子江以及某些山脉和地形特征的图像都是用图形的方式处理的。所有的河流、运河、水坝、水闸、堤坝和集水区，以及运河附近的城墙城市和重要城镇都被描绘和标记。整个液压系统的关键是黄淮与大运河的交汇。根据文献记载的黄淮汇流处和其他地区的形态变化，地图的内容可以追溯到1737年至1761年。
介绍（英）	Managing China's complex network of rivers, canals, and irrigation systems has been one of the abiding concerns of its rulers. From the fourteenth century, the Grand Canal served as the major artery for transporting grain from the wealthy agricultural regions south of the Yangzi River to the capital city of Beijing in the north. Of equal importance was the constant threat of flooding from the Yellow River and other river systems that traversed the canal. Under the Manchu Qing dynasty (1644–1911), both the Kangxi (r. 1662–1722) and Qianlong (r. 1736–95) emperors personally inspected the hydraulic management measures in this region on their periodic tours of the empire. This map follows the course of the Grand Canal from the vicinity of Beijing southward to the Yangzi River. Artistically, it stands halfway between modern cartographic records and the more pictorial approach to mapmaking that was commonly used prior to the twentieth century in China. While most elements are schematically rendered, images of the Forbidden City, the Yangzi River, and certain mountains and topographic features are treated in pictorial terms. All of the rivers, canals, dams, sluice gates, dikes, and catchment basins as well as the walled cities and important towns situated near the canal are depicted and labeled. The linchpin of the entire hydraulic system was the confluence of the Yellow and Huai Rivers with the Grand Canal. Based on documented changes to the configuration of the Huang-Huai confluence and other areas, the content of the map can be dated to the period from 1737 to 1761.