箭头、针、钩和鱼叉 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	箭头、针、钩和鱼叉
品名（英）	Arrowheads, needles, hooks and harpoons
入馆年号	1975年，1975.268.353
策展部门	亚洲艺术（Asian Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 1200 - 公元前 200
创作地区
分类	骨头（Bone）
尺寸	宽 1 英寸 (2.5 厘米); 长 4 3/8 英寸 (11.1 厘米)
介绍（中）	这些工具——箭头、鱼钩、针和鱼叉——是日本工匠自旧石器时代以来就用骨头巧妙地雕刻而成的。它们是在岩手县大船渡湾的Obara贝壳丘中发现的。根据从贝丘或中穴收集到的信息，Jōmon时期的人们依靠各种策略来获取食物。从很早的时候起，在这些垃圾堆中就发现了大量带倒钩和不带倒钩的鱼钩，以及丰富的海洋遗迹，这表明大约50种鱼类和贝类是必不可少的主食。后来的一项创新是拨动头鱼叉，为海洋哺乳动物的狩猎提供了便利。在肘节上系上一根线，猎人就可以在肘节脱离鱼叉轴后将猎物拉进去。从这些垃圾场收集到的进一步证据表明，Jōmon人也严重依赖坚果，在秋季最活跃地收集坚果，并猎杀动物，尤其是野猪和鹿。
介绍（英）	These implements—an arrowhead, fishhooks, needle, and harpoon—were skillfully carved from bone, a material worked by Japanese artisans since Paleolithic times. They were found in the Obara Shell Mound at Ofunato Bay in Iwate Prefecture. According to information gleaned from shell mounds, or middens, the people of the Jōmon period relied on a variety of strategies to obtain food. The large number of fishhooks, fashioned with and without barbs, together with the rich array of marine remains found in these rubbish heaps since very early times indicate that some fifty species of fish and shellfish constituted an essential dietary staple. Toggle-head harpoons, a later innovation, facilitated the hunting of sea mammals. Attaching a line to the toggle allowed the hunter to draw in his prey once the toggle had broken away from the harpoon shaft. Further evidence gathered from these refuse dumps suggests that the Jōmon people also relied heavily on nuts, collected most actively in the autumn, and hunted animals, notably wild boar and deer.