达马鲁 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	达马鲁
品名（英）	Damaru
入馆年号	1992年，1992.26
策展部门	乐器（Musical Instruments）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1701 - 公元 1800
创作地区	印度（India）
分类	膜式双头/腰鼓（Membranophone-double-headed / waisted drum）
尺寸	长 6 11/16 × 直径 4 13/16 英寸 (17 × 12.2 厘米)
介绍（中）	湿婆是印度教的毁灭、再生之主，也是鼓的神话发明者，当他以舞者之主Natesa的身份出现时，他会演奏大马士革。他扭转沙漏形状的鼓，使其腰部用绳子连接的小球击打覆盖两端的皮肤头部。它有节奏的回响，一种原始的创造声音，以一种不断变化、无尽的舞蹈移动着宇宙。大马士革人与湿婆神的长期联系只代表了这种广泛分布的乐器类型的一个背景。该乐器在南亚、喜马拉雅山和蒙古都有不同的名字，其不受限制的使用使其落入从牧师到乞丐等任何社会阶层成员的手中。像这样的鼓通常是用普通的或经过车削和喷漆的木头制成的，尽管金属鼓并不罕见。这件罕见的18世纪象牙镶嵌被切割和雕刻的带子环绕。靠近开口端的带子包含完整的珠子，而靠近腰部的带子则露出银珠子的残留物。红棕色的铜绿下面出现了由车床不断变化的切割角度产生的十字和抛物线图案。滚筒的内部是同心凹槽的，当被皮肤膜覆盖时，通常看不见。
介绍（英）	Siva, Hindu Lord of destruction, regeneration and mythic inventor of drums, plays the damaru when he appears as Natesa, Lord of Dancers. He twists the hourglass-shaped drum causing pellets, attached by strings at its waist, to strike the skin heads which cover each end. Its rhythmic reverberations, a primal sound of creation, moves the cosmos in an ever changing, endless dance. The damaru's long association with Siva represents but one context in which this widely distributed instrument type is found. Known by diverse names throughout South Asia, the Himalayas, and Mongolia, the instrument's unrestricted use places it in the mortal hands of members of any social stratum, from priests to beggars. Drums like this one are usually made of plain or turned and painted wood although metal ones are not uncommon. This rare, 18th century, ivory damaru is encircled by incised and carved bands. Bands close to the open ends contain integral beading while ones nearer the waist reveal remnants of silver beads. Criss-cross and parabolic patterns resulting from the lathe's changing cutting angle appear beneath the reddish-brown patina. The drum's interior, usually blocked from view when covered by skin membranes, is concentrically grooved.