分区小提琴 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	分区小提琴
品名（英）	Division Viol
入馆年号	1982年，1982.324
策展部门	乐器（Musical Instruments）
创作者	Richard Meares【1647 至 1725】【英国人】
创作年份	公元 1660 - 公元 1700
创作地区	大不列颠联合王国, 英格兰, 伦敦（United Kingdom, England, London）
分类	合唱歌手卢特鞠躬（Chordophone-Lute-bowed-fretted）
尺寸	高: 46 1/16 英寸 (117 厘米) 宽 (At lower bout): 14 3/4 英寸 (37.4 厘米) Depth (At bottom block): 5 英寸 (12.7 厘米)
介绍（中）	小提琴，文艺复兴后期最受尊敬的弓乐器，只是逐渐被小提琴家族所取代。小提琴与小提琴的不同之处主要在于形状、弦数和调音，以及有弦的琴颈。所有的中提琴都是在膝盖之间或腿上以直立的姿势演奏的（"gamba"的意思是"腿"），弓的手掌向上。这种声音没有小提琴家族的乐器那么明亮和安静。四到六个中提琴的室内乐创作于文艺复兴和巴洛克时代，低音中提琴的独奏作品一直演奏到18世纪末。这种乐器被称为分小提琴，比配偶小提琴短两到三英寸尽管该乐器的标签是著名的伦敦圣保罗教堂的Richard Meares，该教堂是著名的小提琴制造中心，但该标签只揭示了一个可能的叙述的一部分，该叙述说明了乐器制造业中复杂的贸易和继承。这件乐器的风格和结构特征，如其纤细的呜呜声和几何图案的肋骨，表明它很可能是在爱德华·刘易斯的工作室制作的，他在乐器完工前就去世了。很可能是理查德·米尔斯二世在刘易斯的一次效果拍卖会上购买了这件未完成的旧乐器，完成了它，并用他父亲的标签标记了它。出色的中提琴工艺和丰富的装饰为富裕的客户指明了方向。该仪器的年代测定是根据雕刻出的两部分腹部的树木年表确定的，该年表确定1672年和1673年是最年轻的生长环。该仪器最早可能的制造日期约为1677年。尽管它的作者身份模糊不清，但学术界已经证明它是18世纪早期英国中提琴制作的一个重要例子。
介绍（英）	Viols, the most esteemed bowed instruments of the late Renaissance, were only gradually displaced by the violin family. Viols differ from violins chiefly in shape, in number of strings and tuning, and in having fretted necks. All viols are played in an upright position between the knees or on the legs ("gamba" means "leg"), and the bow is held palm upward. The sound is less brilliant and quieter than that of the violin family of instruments. Chamber music for a consort of four to six viols was composed during the Renaissance and Baroque eras, and solo works for the bass viol were being played until nearly the end of the eighteenth century. This instrument is of the type known as a division viol, measuring between two and three inches shorter than a consort viol. Although the instrument bears the label of the celebrated Richard Meares of St. Paul's Churchyard, London, which was renowned as a center for violin making, the label reveals only one part of a probable narrative that illustrates the intricacies of trade and succession in the musical instrument making business. Stylistic and structural features of this instrument such as its thin purfling and geometrically patterned ribs, suggest that it was most likely made in the workshop of Edward Lewis, who died before the instrument was completed. It is likely that Richard Meares II purchased the unfinished older instrument at a sale of Lewis's effects, completed it and marked it with his father's label. The outstanding workmanship of the viol and the richness of the decoration point to a well-to-do customer. The dating of the instrument has been determined from dendrochronology of the carved-out two-part belly, which established 1672 and 1673 as the youngest growth rings. The earliest possible manufacturing date of the instrument is about 1677. Despite the ambiguity surrounding its authorship, scholarship has demonstrated that it is an important example of early eighteenth-century English viol making.