中提琴 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	中提琴
品名（英）	Viola d'Amore
入馆年号	1889年，89.4.951
策展部门	乐器（Musical Instruments）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1701 - 公元 1800
创作地区	法国（France）
分类	合唱歌手卢特鞠躬未解冻（Chordophone-Lute-bowed-unfretted）
尺寸	长 2 ft. 8 英寸, 宽 9 英寸, 深 1-3/4 英寸
介绍（中）	爱的中提琴是一种弓弦乐器，在18世纪非常流行。它的大部分历史，包括名字的由来，都是未知的。它具有中提琴家族的许多特征，如平坦的背部、与顶部和背部齐平的肋骨，以及除音孔外的玫瑰花结。然而，就像小提琴一样，它是不自由的，演奏时被夹在下巴下。中提琴通常有七根琴弦，尽管有其他琴弦数量的乐器并不罕见。也许18世纪中提琴最明显的特征是存在共鸣弦，共鸣弦不演奏，而是位于弓弦后面，"以共鸣的方式"振动。共鸣弦有助于产生清晰的音调，通常被描述为"银色"，并产生更共振、衰减时间更长的声音。同情的琴弦出现在几种欧洲民间乐器上，包括瑞典的nyckelharpa和挪威的hardanger小提琴。它们在印度的弦乐器上很普遍，最著名的是西塔尔琴。中提琴深受18世纪作曲家的欢迎，可以在巴赫、维瓦尔第、泰勒曼、海顿和洛卡特利的作品中找到。
介绍（英）	The viola d'amore, or viola "of love," is a bowed stringed instrument which gained great popularity in the eighteenth century. Much of its history, including the derivation of its name, is unknown. It has many characteristics of the viol family such as a flat back, ribs that are flush with the top and back, and a rosette in addition to soundholes. Yet, like a violin, it is unfretted and held under the chin while played. Violas d'amore typically have seven playing strings, though instruments with other numbers of strings are not unusual. Perhaps the most distinguishable characteristic of the eighteenth-century viola d'amore is the presence of sympathetic strings, which are not played but located behind the bowed strings and vibrate "in sympathy." The sympathetic strings contribute to produce a tone that is clear and often described as "silvery," as well as creating a more resonant sound with a longer decay. Sympathetic strings are found on several European folk instruments, including the Swedish nyckelharpa and the Norwegian hardanger fiddle. They are prevalent on stringed instruments from India, most notably the sitar. The viola d'amore was popular with eighteenth-century composers and can be found in the works of J. S. Bach, Vivaldi, Telemann, Haydn, and Locatelli.