Jaharis拜占庭语 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	Jaharis拜占庭语
品名（英）	Jaharis Byzantine Lectionary
入馆年号	2007年，2007.286
策展部门	中世纪艺术（Medieval Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1100
创作地区	制造于: 君士坦丁堡（Made in: Constantinople）
分类	手稿和照明（Manuscripts and Illuminations）
尺寸	整体: 14 1/2 x 11 5/8 x 4 7/8 英寸 (36.8 x 29.6 x 12.4 厘米) folio: 13 3/4 x 10 5/16 英寸 (35 x 26.2 厘米)
介绍（中）	用希腊语书写的照明手稿被拜占庭高度识字、老练的神职人员和世俗精英认为是最伟大的艺术形式之一。几个世纪以来，许多作品被委托用于重要的教堂。这本选集中的日历和整个作品的质量表明，手稿是为君士坦丁堡的圣索菲亚大教堂制作的福音书是东正教礼拜仪式的核心。在介绍圣经礼仪的小入口，执事向信徒们献上了福音。在拜占庭中期，教会最广泛使用的经文是选经书，取代了福音书。在这本书中，福音文本按照东正教复活节开始的礼拜年的阅读顺序进行了重新排列。通常，就像在这份手稿中一样，礼拜日历和每天庆祝的圣人的生活都包含在文本中。训练有素的抄写员在书写文本时添加了精心着色的首字母缩写，以供特殊阅读，并添加了为作品增添巨大价值的插图福音派马太福音（fol.43r）选堂的传统装饰包括四位福音派的肖像，从约翰开始，他的文本在复活节阅读。在这张照片中，满头白发、留着胡子的福音传道者马修坐在城墙前；上面用希腊语刻着他的名字。他的姿势与古代哲学家为基督徒所采用的姿势相呼应。上帝的手从蓝色天堂的弧线上落下，直接激励着坐在办公桌前的作家。书写表包括抄写员所需的所有工具，包括为文本单词准备的卷轴。传道者的脸被巧妙地修饰了；他的服装和后面的城市景观都是柔和的色调。优雅的边框与那个时期景泰蓝珐琅作品中广泛出现的图案相呼应用金色书写的漂亮字体的起首字母或第一个字母呈现了一个小孩向坐着的基督形象举起双手。这一幕反映了阅读的第一行："上帝说：你要注意，你永远不要轻视这些小家伙中的一个"（马太福音18:10）。
介绍（英）	Illuminated manuscripts written in Greek were considered one of the greatest art forms by the highly literate and sophisticated clerical and secular elite of Byzantium. Over the centuries many works were commissioned for use in important churches. The calendar in this lectionary and the quality of the entire work suggest that the manuscript was made for the great church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople. The Gospels were central to the liturgy of the Orthodox church. At the Little Entrance, which introduced the Liturgy of the Word, the deacon presented the Gospel to the faithful. In the middle Byzantine era, the lectionary replaced the Gospel book as the most widely used text by the church. In it Gospel texts were rearranged by the sequence in which they were read during the liturgical year, which begins at Easter in the Orthodox church. Often, as in this manuscript, the liturgical calendar and the lives of saints who were celebrated daily were included in the text. Highly trained scribes wrote the texts to which were added the elaborately colored initials for special readings and the illuminations that added great value to the work. The Evangelist Matthew (fol. 43r) The customary decoration for lectionaries included portraits of the Four Evangelists, beginning with John whose text is read at Easter. In this illumination, the white-haired, bearded evangelist Matthew sits before a city wall; his name is inscribed in Greek above. His pose echoes that of ancient philosophers as adopted for Christian use. God's hand descends from the arc of the blue heaven, directly inspiring the writer at his desk. The writing table includes all the implements needed by a scribe, including a scroll ready for the words of the text. The evangelist's face is subtly modulated; his garments and the cityscape behind are defined in pastel hues. The elegantly articulated border echoes the patterns widely seen in cloisonné enamel works of the period. The incipit, or first letter, of the handsome script written in gold presents a small child raising his hands to a seated image of Christ. The scene reflects the first lines of the reading: "The Lord said: See that you never despise one of these little ones" (Matthew 18:10).