流程交叉 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	流程交叉
品名（英）	Processional Cross
入馆年号	1993年，1993.163
策展部门	中世纪艺术（Medieval Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元 995 - 公元 1005
创作地区
分类	金属制品银（Metalwork-Silver）
尺寸	整体: 23 7/16 x 16 15/16 x 7/8 英寸 (59.5 x 43 x 2.2 厘米) Diameter of central medallion on back: 2 3/8 英寸 (6 厘米) Diameter of central medallion on front: 2 5/16 英寸 (5.9 厘米) width of arms: 5 3/16 英寸 (13.2 厘米) diameter of Michael medallion: 1 3/4 英寸 (4.4 厘米) diameter of John the Baptist medallion: 1 5/8 英寸
介绍（中）	精心装饰的十字架在拜占庭中期被广泛用于宗教、军事和帝国游行。通常，就像这里一样，希腊文铭文标识了肖像半身像中描绘的圣像。在这个十字架的正面，中央奖章包含基督的半身像。大天使米迦勒和加百列，天堂的守护者，在他上方和下方。左边和右边是代表人类的传统代祷者：圣母玛利亚，基督之母和先驱约翰（施洗约翰）。十字架背面底部的铭文表明它是利奥主教的奉献礼物（恳求）。它可能是为了纪念医生圣塔莱奥斯而提供的，他在后面的中央奖章上展示了他的职业符号、一个医疗箱和被称为柳叶刀的尖头手术工具。两边是圣徒尼古拉斯和约翰金口，两位最重要的早期教会父亲。大天使乌列尔和拉斐尔出现在顶部和底部。圣约翰·金口（Saint John Chrysostom）的讲道（布道）将十字架描述为"病人的力量"和"净化疾病";捐赠这个十字架也许与疾病有关。十字架可能被用于净化水的仪式，因为三世纪晚期的殉道者Thalelaios是该服务中指定的圣人之一。
介绍（英）	Elaborately decorated crosses were widely used in religious, military, and imperial processions during the Middle Byzantine era. Often, as here, inscriptions in Greek identify the holy figures depicted in portrait busts. On the front of this cross, the central medallion contains a bust of Christ. The archangels Michael and Gabriel, the guardians of heaven, are pictured above and below him. To left and right are the traditional intercessors on behalf of humankind: the Virgin Mary, Mother of Christ, and John the Forerunner (Saint John the Baptist). The inscription at the base on the back of the cross identifies it as the votive gift (supplication) of a Bishop Leo. It was probably offered in honor of Saint Thalelaios, a physician, who is shown in the back central medallion with the symbols of his profession, a medical case and the pointed surgical tool known as a lancet. To the sides are saints Nicholas and John Chrysostom, two of the most important early church fathers. The archangels Uriel and Raphael appear at top and bottom. A homily (sermon) attributed to Saint John Chrysostom describes crosses as "power for those who are ill" and "the purification of sickness"; the donation of this cross was perhaps connected to an illness. The cross may have been used in the ceremony for the purification of water, since Thalelaios, a late third-century martyr, is one of the saints named in that service.