尺头 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	尺头
品名（英）	Head of a ruler
入馆年号	1947年，47.100.80
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 2300 - 公元前 2000
创作地区
分类
尺寸	13 9/16 × 8 3/8 × 9 3/16 英寸 (34.4 × 21.3 × 23.3 厘米)
介绍（中）	这个真人大小的头的身份以及它是在哪里被创造出来的，仍然是个谜。铜合金是一种非常昂贵的材料，其成型和铸造过程中所涉及的专业工艺和创新技术表明，它代表了一位国王或精英。鼻子、嘴唇、大耳朵、厚重的眼睛和面部造型都以自然主义的风格呈现。眼睛的黑暗、空虚的空间可能最初镶嵌着对比鲜明的材料。在被腐蚀的铜表面下，仍然可以看到梳得优雅的胡子和修剪整齐的胡子的图案，以及人物布头巾的弯曲和对角线。个人外表的这些方面进一步支持了这一形象与精英人物的认同。此外，头部不同寻常的个性化特征表明它可能是一幅肖像。如果这是真的，头部将是古代近东艺术中罕见的肖像画。最近的研究表明，长期以来被认为几乎是实心的头部，最初包含一个由金属支架固定的粘土芯。它可能是已知的最早的失蜡法真人尺寸空心铸件的例子之一。横跨颈部的板包含一个方形销钉，该销钉最初设置在主体或其他支架上，可能由不同的材料制成改编自《古代近东艺术：教育工作者的资源》（2010）
介绍（英）	The identity of this lifesize head and where it was created remain a mystery. The expert craftsmanship and innovative technology involved in shaping it and casting it in copper alloy, a very costly material, indicates that it represents a king or elite person. The nose, lips, large ears, heavy-lidded eyes, and modeling of the face are rendered in a naturalistic style. The dark, empty spaces of the eyes were probably originally inlaid with contrasting materials. Patterns in the elegantly coiffed beard and well-trimmed mustache and the curving and diagonal lines of the figure’s cloth turban can still be seen beneath the corroded copper surface. These aspects of personal appearance further support the identification of this image with an elite personage. Furthermore, the head’s unusually individualized features suggest that it might be a portrait. Were that to be true, the head would be a rare example of portraiture in ancient Near Eastern art. Recent examination has revealed that the head, long thought to be virtually solid, originally contained a clay core held in place by metal supports. It may be among the earliest known examples of lifesize hollow casting in the lost-wax method. A plate across the neck incorporates a square peg originally set into a body or other mount, which may have been made of a different material. Adapted from, Art of the Ancient Near East: A Resource for Educators (2010)