带女头的Rhyton - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	带女头的Rhyton
品名（英）	Rhyton with female head
入馆年号	2000年，2001.178
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元 200 - 公元 300
创作地区
分类
尺寸	高 15 x 宽 6 英寸 (38.1 x 15.2 厘米)
介绍（中）	该器皿属于一类罕见的釉面陶瓷韵，带有女性头部和动物形状的喷口。上部是一个带有一个手柄的花瓶（现已丢失）。它看起来像一个高大的球状冠在头顶（由两个半模制成），显示出浮肿的脸颊，浓密的眼睛和眉毛以及小嘴唇。图案丰富的"甜瓜"花环由小麦秸秆冠缀，上面有一条带子，包括棕榈树、新月和星星以及玫瑰花结。在项链下方，容器逐渐变细，牛头上有一个倒孔。王冠图案可以识别出头部是月神的女儿和太阳神的妹妹娜娜的头部。这种自然和星光神，虽然在美索不达米亚文献中首次出现——她在巴比伦马尔杜克神庙埃萨吉拉的文本中被称为"对王子的权力和国王的权杖"——但可能起源于伊朗。她代表帕提亚和贵霜艺术，并在美索不达米亚，伊朗和中亚受到广泛崇拜。
介绍（英）	This vessel belongs to a rare class of glazed ceramic rhytons with female heads and animal-shaped spouts. The upper part is in the form of a vase with one handle (now lost). It appears as a tall bulbous crown above the head (made from two half-molds), which displays puffy cheeks, thickly lined eyes and brows, and small lips. The richly patterned "melon" coiffure is embellished by a diadem of wheat stalks with a band that includes a palmette, a crescent and star, and a rosette. Below a necklace the vessel tapers into a bull's head with a pouring hole at the mouth. The diadem motifs may identify the head as that of the goddess Nana, daughter of the moon god and sister of the sun god. This nature and astral deity, although first seen in Mesopotamian texts – she is referred to in texts from Esagila, the Temple of Marduk in Babylon, as "the power over princes and the scepter of kings" – but may have been Iranian in origin. She was represented in Parthian and Kushan art and widely worshiped in Mesopotamia, Iran, and Central Asia.