气缸密封件 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	气缸密封件
品名（英）	Cylinder seal
入馆年号	1985年，1985.357.25
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 1600 - 公元前 1100
创作地区
分类
尺寸	1 5/8 × 3/4 × 3/4 英寸 (4.1 × 1.9 × 1.9 厘米)
介绍（中）	虽然早在公元前七千年就已经使用雕刻石头在粘土上印章，但公元前四千年发明的可以在粘土上滚动的雕刻圆柱体允许开发更复杂的密封设计。这些圆柱密封件首先在美索不达米亚使用，作为所有权或识别的标志。海豹要么印在用于关闭罐子、门和篮子的粘土块上，要么将它们卷到记录商业或法律交易信息的粘土板上。印章通常由宝石制成。保护性能可能归因于材料本身和雕刻设计。印章对于古代近东艺术的研究很重要，因为每个时期都有许多例子幸存下来，因此可以帮助定义时间顺序。它们通常保留了在任何其他媒介中不再存在的图像，是风格和图像的视觉编年史。显示了密封件的现代印象，因此可以看到整个设计。冗长的铭文是卡西特时期圆柱体密封件的特征之一，可以在该圆柱体上看到。文字覆盖了石头的整个表面，除了一排四个苍蝇状符号，面向铭文的顶线。与许多支持早已消亡的苏美尔语的卡西特时期铭文不同，该铭文是用当代阿卡德语写成的。献给治愈女神古拉的铭文用诗意的语言来描述女神的力量。气缸密封件通常被想象为具有保护特性，铭文强调了这一功能。
介绍（英）	Although engraved stones had been used as early as the seventh millennium B.C. to stamp impressions in clay, the invention in the fourth millennium B.C. of carved cylinders that could be rolled over clay allowed the development of more complex seal designs. These cylinder seals, first used in Mesopotamia, served as a mark of ownership or identification. Seals were either impressed on lumps of clay that were used to close jars, doors, and baskets, or they were rolled onto clay tablets that recorded information about commercial or legal transactions. The seals were often made of precious stones. Protective properties may have been ascribed to both the material itself and the carved designs. Seals are important to the study of ancient Near Eastern art because many examples survive from every period and can, therefore, help to define chronological phases. Often preserving imagery no longer extant in any other medium, they serve as a visual chronicle of style and iconography. The modern impression of the seal is shown so that the entire design can be seen. Lengthy inscriptions are one of the features of Kassite period cylinder seals and can be seen on this cylinder. Writing covers the entire surface of the stone, save a single row of four fly-like symbols that face the top line of the inscription. Unlike many Kassite period inscriptions, which favor the long-dead Sumerian language, this inscription was written in the contemporary Akkadian language. Dedicated to Gula, the goddess of healing, the inscription uses poetic language to describe the goddess’s powers. Cylinder seals were often imagined to have protective qualities, a function accentuated by the inscription.