吊坠碎片 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	吊坠碎片
品名（英）	Pendant fragment
入馆年号	1932年，32.150.223
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元 200 - 公元 699
创作地区
分类
尺寸	0.84 x 1 英寸 (2.13 x 2.54 厘米)
介绍（中）	这个小的玛瑙碎片可能最初是一个吊坠。吊坠上有洞的部分不再保留。这块碎片是从克特西芬地区马阿里德一世的一所房子里挖掘出来的。像玛瑙这样的半宝石的出现表明了这个家庭的财富 Ctesiphon市位于底格里斯河东岸，位于现代伊拉克巴格达以南20英里（32公里）处。它作为帕提亚人和萨萨尼亚人的首都繁荣了800多年，这两个王朝是七世纪伊斯兰征服前统治古代近东的最后两个王朝。1928年至29年，由德国东方学会（Deutsche Orient Gesellschaft）赞助的一支探险队在克特西丰地区进行了系统的挖掘。1931-32年，大都会艺术博物馆和柏林Staatliche博物馆进行了一次为期一季的联合探险。进行了几次挖掘，包括在主宫殿（Taq-i Kisra）、Tell Dheheb宫殿以南的一个小设防区、Ma'aridh土堆的多座房屋，以及一个名为Umm ez-Za'tir的小土堆的额外房屋在Ctesiphon地区的挖掘过程中，从一系列名为el Ma'aridh的小土堆中挖掘出了六座房屋。这些房子遵循典型的萨珊设计，混合了方形和细长的房间。这座名为Ma'aridh I的房子以其可能经过装饰的圆柱门廊而闻名。在发掘的西北部，接待大厅被用灰泥浮雕装饰，另一个房间则用色彩鲜艳的人物场景装饰。挖掘出的萨萨尼亚人的房屋显示，通常只有一个大厅或接待区被装饰过，房子的其余部分都涂上了普通的灰泥。根据发掘者的说法，马阿里德一世的各种墙壁和房间在整个萨珊时期都进行了扩建和改造。这座房子的大面积（挖掘了800平方米）和丰富的发现，如玛瑙和珠子，表明居住在这里的萨珊精英的财富。
介绍（英）	This small broken fragment of carnelian was probably originally a pendant. The portion of the pendant with the hole is no longer preserved. This fragment was excavated from a house at Ma’aridh I in the Ctesiphon area. The presence of semi-precious stones like carnelian indicate the wealth of the household. The city of Ctesiphon was located on the east bank of the Tigris River, 20 miles (32 km) south of modern Baghdad in Iraq. It flourished for more than 800 years as the capital of the Parthians and the Sasanians, the last two dynasties to rule the ancient Near East before the Islamic conquest in the seventh century. Systematic excavations in the Ctesiphon area were undertaken by an expedition in 1928–29 sponsored by the German Oriental Society (Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft). The Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Staatliche Museen, Berlin, undertook a joint expedition for one season in 1931–32. Several excavations were conducted, including at the main palace (Taq-i Kisra), in a small fortified area south of the palace at Tell Dheheb, at multiple houses at the mounds of Ma’aridh, and at additional houses at a small mound called Umm ez-Za’tir. Over the course of the excavations in the Ctesiphon area, six houses from a series of small mounds called el Ma’aridh were excavated. These houses follow typical Sasanian design with a mix of square and elongated rooms. The house called Ma’aridh I is notable for its columned porch, which may have been decorated. Stucco reliefs were used to adorn the reception hall uncovered in the northwest part of the excavations and another room was decorated with figural scenes painted in vibrant colors. The excavated Sasanian houses have revealed that usually only one large hall or reception area was decorated, with the rest of the house coated with plain plaster. According to the excavators, the various walls and rooms of Ma’aridh I were expanded and altered throughout the Sasanian period. The house’s large size (800 square meters were excavated) and the rich finds, such as carnelian and beads, indicate the wealth of the Sasanian elites who resided here.