楔形文字碑：Erhemmas收藏（编号45、59、53） - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	楔形文字碑：Erhemmas收藏（编号45、59、53）
品名（英）	Cuneiform tablet: collection of ershemmas (nos. 45, 59, 53)
入馆年号	1886年，86.11.288
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 330 - 公元 220
创作地区
分类
尺寸	3.33 x 1.88 英寸 (8.46 x 4.78 厘米)
介绍（中）	大约在公元前3300年，文字的发明是行政技术的许多发展之一，包括使用几何代币进行计数和使用圆柱印章来保证交易，这些发展伴随着美索不达米亚南部第一批城市和州的发展。原始楔形文字是最早的书写形式的名称——在泥板上绘制的象形文字。渐渐地，象形文字被抽象成楔形文字（拉丁语，"楔形"）标志，这些标志是印象而非绘画的。从叙利亚地中海沿岸到伊朗西部，从赫梯-安纳托利亚到美索不达米亚南部，楔形文字的使用范围最广。它被改编成至少15种不同的语言。最后一个确定日期的楔形文字的日期对应于公元75年，尽管该文字可能在接下来的两个世纪里继续使用这块泥板是由两块连接在一起的碎片（86.11.288和86.11.557）组成的。上面刻着的楔形文字属于礼仪文字的一种。Ershemmas是由名为kalu的牧师演唱的哀歌，并伴随着shem鼓。它们是用苏美尔人的呕吐方言创作的，这是一种仅限于邪教表演的演讲形式。
介绍（英）	The invention of writing in approximately 3300 B.C. was one of many developments in administrative technology--including the use of geometric tokens for counting and cylinder seals to guarantee transactions--that accompanied the growth of the first cities and states in southern Mesopotamia. Proto-cuneiform is the name given to the earliest form of writing--pictograms that were drawn on clay tablets. Gradually, the pictograms became abstracted into cuneiform (Latin, "wedge-shaped") signs that were impressed rather than drawn. At its greatest extent, cuneiform writing was used from the Mediterranean coast of Syria to western Iran and from Hittite Anatolia to southern Mesopotamia. It was adapted to write at least fifteen different languages. The last dated cuneiform text has a date corresponding to A.D. 75, although the script probably continued in use over the next two centuries. This clay tablet is made up of two two fragments joined together (86.11.288 and 86.11.557). The cuneiform text inscribed on it belongs to a genre of liturgical texts. Ershemmas were lamentations sung by priests called kalu and accompanied by shem drums. They were composed in the emesal dialect of Sumerian, a form of speech restricted to cultic performances.