Snafle钻头 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	Snafle钻头
品名（英）	Snaffle Bit
入馆年号	1942年，42.50.496
策展部门	武器和盔甲（Arms and Armor）
创作者
创作年份	公元 601 - 公元 700
创作地区	原产国: 西班牙（Country of Origin: Spain）
分类	马术器械钻头（Equestrian Equipment-Bits）
尺寸	高 5 1/4 英寸 (13.3 厘米); 宽 6 5/8 英寸 (16.8 厘米); 重 11.8 盎司 (334.5 g)
介绍（中）	Snafle钻头是最简单的一种马钻头，对肋骨（马下巴没有牙齿的部分）和唇角都有影响。该钻头的牙套由两个铰接链节组成，截面为方形，每个面上都有一个锯齿状脊，用铜焊接。吹口的一侧是一个垂直的长颊片，另一侧是一根带环的简单链环，可能是从另一个钻头上重复使用来替换缺失的部分。剩下的原始颧骨是用来将钻头挂在缰绳上的，由一个带肋的垂直条组成，底部有一个扁平的穿孔方形装饰，这是西哥特钻头的装饰特征。将缰绳连接到悬挂在钻头两侧的带肋D形环上牙套上的锯齿状脊使其粗糙，防止马用下巴抓住钻头（马需要有一个放松的下巴才能有效地使用钻头）。当它们被拉动时，颧骨会挤压嘴唇的角落，迫使马停下来。它们还可以帮助指示马的方向，防止戒指从嘴里穿过。
介绍（英）	The snaffle bit is the simplest type of horse bit, and has an effect on the bars (part of the horse’s jaw without teeth) and the corners of the lips. The mouthpiece of this bit consists in two articulated links, square in section and with a serrated ridge on each face, welded with copper. The mouthpiece is flanked on one side by a long vertical cheekpiece, and by a simple link with a ring on the other, probably reused from another bit to replace the missing piece. The remaining original cheekpiece, used to hang the bit from the bridle, is composed of a ribbed vertical bar, with a flat pierced square ornament at the bottom, a decoration characteristic of Visigothic bits. Reins were attached to the ribbed D-shaped rings hanging from each side of the bit. The serrated ridges on the mouthpiece make it harsh, preventing the horse from grasping the bit with its jaws (the horse needed to have a relaxed jaw for the bit to be effective). When they were pulled, the cheekpieces would compress the corners of the lips, forcing the horse to stop. They would also help indicate the direction to the horse and keep the rings from pulling through the mouth.