欧罗巴和水星的掠夺与三位女神 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	欧罗巴和水星的掠夺与三位女神
品名（英）	The Rape of Europa and Mercury and the Three Graces
入馆年号	1917年，17.190.1413
策展部门	欧洲雕塑和装饰艺术（European Sculpture and Decorative Arts）
创作者	Lambertus Vrythoff【1724 至 1769】
创作年份	公元 1645 - 公元 1750
创作地区
分类	钟表业（Horology）
尺寸	Diameter: 2 1/8 英寸 (5.4 厘米)
介绍（中）	这个表壳的外部描绘了《欧罗巴的强奸》、《水星与三女神》，这两幅作品都是西蒙·沃特（1590–1649）画作的微缩版。前者在颜色和细节上都与这幅画非常相似，很可能来源于这幅画本身，而不是迈克尔·多里尼（1617-1665）的雕刻，无论如何，这是这幅画和表壳的反面图像。这一时期的珐琅表壳很少有签名，而且由于最好的珐琅师非常善于复制他们模型的风格，即使不是不可能，也很难识别出一只手。然而，这些精美的微缩模型与城堡的亨利·图廷（1614年-约1683年）以及1636年后的巴黎的作品最为相似腕表表盘上刻有路易十四国王的娱乐活动组织者路易·赫塞林（1602-1662）的臂章（surientant des plaisirs du roy），表壳内部刻有赫塞林的肖像，该肖像由罗伯特·南特伊尔（1623-1678）雕刻而成，他是许多王室最重要成员的肖像画家。赫塞林的财产清单中提到了这块手表。18世纪，一位约1750年在海牙工作的著名荷兰钟表匠进行了为期八天的机芯"现代化"改造，他似乎有特别喜欢珐琅金表壳的顾客。
介绍（英）	The exterior of this watchcase depicts the Rape of Europa and Mercury and the Three Graces, both miniature versions of paintings by Simon Vouet (1590–1649). The former so closely resembles the painting both in color and detail that it likely derives from the painting itself rather than the engraving of it by Michael Dorigny (1617–1665), which is, in any case, a reverse image of both the painting and the watchcase. Enameled watchcases of this period are rarely signed, and as the best enamelers were so adept at reproducing the style of their models, an individual hand is difficult, if not impossible, to identify. Nevertheless, these exquisite miniatures have their closest parallels in the work of Henri Toutin (1614–ca. 1683) of Châteaudun and, after 1636, of Paris. The dial of the watch is emblazoned with the arms of Louis Hesselin (1602–1662), King Louis XIV's organizer of entertainments (surintendant des plaisirs du roy), and the inside of the case contains Hesselin's portrait after an engraving by Robert Nanteuil (1623–1678), the favored portraitist of many of the most important members of the royal court. The watch is mentioned in the inventory of Hesselin's estate. It was "modernized" in the eighteenth century with an eight-day movement by a prominent Dutch watch- and clockmaker working in The Hague about 1750, who seems to have had patrons with a special liking for enameled gold cases.