美国二十美元金币 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	美国二十美元金币
品名（英）	United States Twenty-dollar Gold Piece
入馆年号	1979年，1979.486.8
策展部门	美国之翼（The American Wing）
创作者	Augustus Saint-Gaudens【1848 至 1907】【美国人】
创作年份	公元 1905 - 公元 1911
创作地区
分类
尺寸	直径 1 5/16 英寸 (3.3 厘米)
介绍（中）	西奥多·罗斯福总统宣布美国铸币局生产的硬币毫无创意，司空见惯，于是邀请圣高登斯重新设计10美元、20美元金币和1美分硬币。大约十个月后的1905年11月，圣高登斯提交了他的初步草图，成为第一位与铸币局无关的设计定期铸币的艺术家。罗斯福后来宣布，由此产生的硬币（他的"宠物罪行"）比古希腊人时代以来的任何硬币都更漂亮这枚20美元（"双鹰"）硬币的正面描绘了自由女神大步向前的动态形象，源于圣高登斯在"谢尔曼纪念碑"（17.90.1）上的"胜利"。她身后是美国国会大厦，象征着启蒙的阳光向上照射。背面是一只翱翔的鹰，灵感来自1857年和1858年硬币上的鹰。对于这些设计，圣高登斯完成了许多草图，并指导他的工作室助理亨利·赫林完成了模型的制作<1907年8月，圣高登斯在硬币铸造之前去世。罗斯福下令这些金币在1908年之前开始流通。10美元硬币首先完成，20美元硬币在12月中旬铸造完成。最高级的早期版本以金属边缘和高度的浮雕而闻名，这些浮雕防止了它们被堆叠，并多次击打才达到最终结果。大都会的例子（见1979.486.6）是美国铸币局首席雕刻师查尔斯·E·巴伯修改设计后的商业罢工，以将其用于商业用途（扁平的浮雕只需轻轻一按即可创作）。它们包含"我们相信上帝"的格言，这句话在最早的版本中被删除了，但被要求出现在1908年7月1日之后铸造的所有硬币上。圣高登斯为其准备模型的一美分硬币从未铸造过。
介绍（英）	Having proclaimed the coinage produced by the United States Mint uninspired and commonplace, President Theodore Roosevelt invited Saint-Gaudens to redesign the ten- and twenty-dollar gold coins and the one-cent piece. Some ten months later, in November 1905, Saint-Gaudens submitted his preliminary sketches, becoming the first artist unaffiliated with the Mint to design a regular coinage issue. Roosevelt later declared the resulting coins (his "pet crime") were more beautiful than any since the days of the ancient Greeks. The obverse of the twenty-dollar ("double eagle") coin depicts the dynamic figure of Liberty striding forward, derived from Saint-Gaudens’s "Victory" from the "Sherman Monument" (17.90.1). Behind her is the U. S. Capitol with rays of sun symbolizing enlightenment bursting upwards. On the reverse is a soaring eagle, inspired by the eagle on the 1857 and 1858 pennies. For these designs, Saint-Gaudens completed numerous sketches and guided his studio assistant Henry Hering, who carried out the finished models. Saint-Gaudens died in August 1907, before the coins were minted. Roosevelt ordered that the gold coins be put into circulation before 1908. The ten-dollar coins were completed first, with the twenty-dollar coins minted by mid-December. The superlative early versions are notable for the wire rims and high degree of relief that prevented them from being stacked and the multiple number of strikes it took to achieve the final result. The Metropolitan’s examples (see 1979.486.6) are business strikes after designs modified by Charles E. Barber, chief engraver of the U.S. Mint to adapt them for commercial use (the flattened relief allowing for their creation with just one blow of the press). They contain the motto "In God We Trust," which was eliminated from the earliest versions, but ordered to appear on all coins struck after July 1, 1908. The one-cent piece, which Saint-Gaudens prepared models for, was never minted.