《大雄罗十一门徒》（Ganadharas）：Kalpasutra手稿对开 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	《大雄罗十一门徒》（Ganadharas）：Kalpasutra手稿对开
品名（英）	The Eleven Disciples (Ganadharas) of Mahavira: Folio from a Kalpasutra Manuscript
入馆年号	1955年，55.121.38.23
策展部门	亚洲艺术（Asian Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1400 - 公元 1499
创作地区
分类	绘画（Paintings）
尺寸	整体: 4 3/8 x 10 5/8 英寸 (11.1 x 27 厘米)
介绍（中）	大雄有十一个主要门徒，他们创立了耆那教的原始流派。他们被展示为教学，这是一种适合那些体现和传播教义的人的姿态。除了两位因陀罗布提和苏达曼之外，所有的门徒都先于精灵灭亡，前者继任了骑士团团长（sthavira），后者在因陀罗布提去世一个月后成为团长。因此，大雄的所有精神后代都来自须陀罗。每个门徒都穿着Svetambara教派的白色长袍，腿上放着一把小扫帚（用于无害地清除昆虫），右肩上戴着一个布口罩或mohapatti（用于防止无意中吞下甚至微小的生命形式）。构图的中心是神秘的om hrim符号，这是一种古老的纯洁咒语，用来唤起悉达查克拉（精灵圈）的本质，即耆那教教义的本质。
介绍（英）	Mahavira had eleven principal disciples, who founded the original schools (gana) of Jainism. They are shown teaching, a gesture appropriate to those who embody and transmit the doctrine. All the disciples predeceased the jina except two—Indrabhuti, who succeeded as head (sthavira) of the order, and Sudharman, who in turn became head upon Indrabhuti's death a month after that of his master. Hence all spiritual descendants of Mahavira come from the line of Sudharman. Each disciple is dressed in the white robes of the Svetambara sect, has a small broom on his lap (for harmlessly brushing away insects), and a cloth facemask, or mohapatti (to prevent inadvertently swallowing even microscopic life forms), over his right shoulder. At the center of the composition is the mystic om-hrim symbol, an ancient mantra for purity used to evoke the essence of the siddhachakra (circle of jinas), the essence of the Jain doctrine.