男高音长号 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	男高音长号
品名（英）	Tenor valve trombone
入馆年号	2014年，2014.488a–d
策展部门	乐器（Musical Instruments）
创作者	Adolphe (Antoine Joseph) Sax【1814 至 1894】【比利时人，活跃于法国】
创作年份	公元 1857 - 公元 1867
创作地区	法国, 巴黎（France, Paris）
分类	Aerophone嘴唇振动小号/长号（Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-trumpet / trombone）
尺寸	29 1/2 × 26 3/4 × 8 3/8 英寸 (75 × 68 × 21.3 厘米)
介绍（中）	萨克斯的六个独立阀的系统是为了纠正典型的三阀乐器的语调问题而设计的，当阀组合使用时，这些乐器可能会走调。瓣膜长号在使用滑梯很尴尬的情况下很有用，比如在行进或在狭窄的管弦乐队演奏时萨克斯1859年的专利（法国，第39371号）详细介绍了该仪器上使用的阀门系统。这是一个上升系统，因为阀门不会在仪器长度上增加额外的管道。相反，它们中的每一个都隔离了不同数量的仪器总管道。每个阀门都要单独使用，并使仪器发出比前一个阀门低一半的声音。萨克斯将他的六气门独立系统主要应用于萨克斯和长号<1859年专利中还详细介绍了长号上的阀门排气系统。每个阀门的外壳都有一个用于排气的外管，而不是像往常一样在每个阀盖的底部有一个排气孔。这是为了使仪器更耐用。当阀门被按下时，它允许空气逸出（就像典型的穿孔阀盖一样），但防止灰尘进入外壳尽管有这些创新和高质量的结构，Sax的六阀仪器并没有获得持久的流行。玩家们不愿意学习这样一种截然不同的指法系统，而且这些乐器比传统的三阀式要重得多。
介绍（英）	Sax’s system of six independent valves was devised to correct the intonation problems of typical three-valve instruments, which can sound out of tune when valves are used in combination. Valve trombones were useful in situations where using a slide was awkward, such as while marching or playing in a cramped orchestra pit. The valve system used on this instrument is detailed in Sax’s 1859 patent (France, No. 39371). It is an ascending system, since the valves do not add extra tubing to the instrument’s length. Instead each of them isolates different amounts of the instrument’s total tubing. Each valve is to be used on its own and causes the instrument to sound a half-tone lower than the previous valve. Sax applied his six-valve independent system mostly to saxhorns and trombones. Also detailed in the 1859 patent is the valve venting system seen on this trombone. Instead of having a vent hole in the bottom of each valve cap as is usual, the casing of each valve has an external tube for venting. This was designed to make the instrument more durable. It permits air to escape when the valve is depressed (like a typical perforated valve cap) but prevents dust from entering the casing. Despite these innovations and the quality of their construction, Sax's six-valve instruments did not achieve lasting popularity. Players were reluctant to learn such a radically different fingering system and the instruments were much heavier to hold than conventional three-valve models.