一位戴着金色花环的老年女士的肖像 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	一位戴着金色花环的老年女士的肖像
品名（英）	Portrait of an elderly lady with a gold wreath
入馆年号	1909年，09.181.5
策展部门	埃及艺术（Egyptian Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元 100 - 公元 125
创作地区	来自于: 埃及（From: Egypt）
分类
尺寸	高 34 x 宽 18.4 厘米 (13 3/8 x 7 1/4 英寸)
介绍（中）	微微转动的肩膀和头部、自然主义的色彩、定向照明以及使用阴影和高光来表示体积，这些都是希腊主义自然主义和幻觉绘画风格的元素。这一系列（09.181-1.8）的画作是在蜡质介质中使用蜡画技术颜料创作的，这种蜡质介质产生了丰富的色彩和深度，就像油画中的颜料一样面板中似乎经常包含个人和家庭特征，这表明实际逼真度是可取的。然而，它们在生活中似乎并不是为了挂在家里而被画的。将木乃伊的年龄与其肖像板进行比较的研究表明，大多数肖像画都是在死亡时或接近死亡时绘制的。他们可能是被安排在死者的游行队伍中穿过城镇或村庄的，这是一种希腊仪式，之后尸体被带到防腐人员那里制成木乃伊，肖像板被切割成适合木乃伊包装的样子与其他描绘年长女性的彩绘面板肖像一样，这幅肖像展示了佩戴耳环的主体，这是她唯一的装饰品。她的灰色头发呈松散的卷发，与宫廷时尚完全无关。她的脸结实、瘦骨嶙峋、晒得黝黑。强烈的红色束腰外衣是一世纪末至二世纪初女性肖像的典型代表，与特拉贾尼时期的男性肖像相似，表明可以追溯到那个时代。
介绍（英）	Slightly turned shoulders and heads, naturalistic coloring, directional lighting, and use of shading and highlights to indicate volume are all elements of the Hellenistic naturalistic and illusionistic painting style. The paintings in this series (09.181.1-.8) were executed using the encaustic technique-pigment in a wax medium, which produces rich color with depth, rather like that in oil painting. Individual and family characteristics often seem to be incorporated in the panels, indicating that actual verisimilitude was desirable. They do not seem, however, to have been painted during life to hang in the home. Studies comparing the ages of mummies with their portrait panels indicate that most portraits were painted at or near death. It is possible that they were made to be carried in the procession (ekphora) of the deceased through a town or village, a Greek rite after which the body was taken to the embalmers for mummification, and the portrait panel was cut to fit in the mummy wrappings. As in other painted panel portraits depicting older women, this one shows the subject with earrings as her only ornament. Her gray hair falls in loose curls that are quite unrelated to imperial court fashion. Her face is strong, bony, and tanned. The strongly reddish colored tunic, typical for female portraits of the late first to early second century, and the similarity to male portraits of the Trajanic period, suggest a dating to that time.