Hatnefer的心脏圣甲虫 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	Hatnefer的心脏圣甲虫
品名（英）	Heart Scarab of Hatnefer
入馆年号	1936年，36.3.2
策展部门	埃及艺术（Egyptian Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 1492 - 公元前 1473
创作地区	来自于: 埃及（From: Egypt）
分类
尺寸	Scarab: 长 6.6 厘米 (2 5/8 英寸); 宽 5.3 厘米 (2 1/16 英寸); 高 2.8 厘米 (1 1/8 英寸); Chain: 长 77.5 厘米 (30.1/2 英寸)
介绍（中）	Hatnefer的心脏圣甲虫是这种殡葬设备的一个非常好的例子，与当代的类似https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/548642">皇室。金龟子的每一个特征都经过了精心渲染。精致的链子是由金线制成的，编成四链图案。金龟甲的底座上刻着《亡灵书》第30A章的版本，在这一章中，死者表达了自己的心声，告诫它在死后的最终判决中不要作证指控哈特尼费尔。在最上面的一行，帽子nefer的名字被插入到一个被删除的文本中，这表明圣甲虫最初并不是为她制作的心脏圣甲虫是非常受欢迎的护身符。对古埃及人来说，心不仅是生活的中心，也是思维、记忆和道德价值观的中心。在最后的判决中，人们认为这颗心与秩序和正义的原则maat相抗衡。只有死者过上了正义的生活，他或她才能在死后继续生活。可以理解的是，埃及人担心会出现负面结果，并使用了特殊的护身符来确保做出积极的判断。心脏圣甲虫的平坦下侧通常刻有《亡灵书》第30B章，即所谓的心脏圣甲虫咒语，或其不太常见的版本，即这里使用的第30A章哈特尼费尔墓是博物馆的埃及探险队于1936年发现的。Hatnefer的心脏圣甲虫，木乃伊面具，canopic框，两个环和两个圣甲虫在发现物分类中来到博物馆。
介绍（英）	Hatnefer's heart scarab is an exceptionally fine example of this type of funerary equipment and is comparable to those made for contemporary royalty. Every feature of the scarab beetle is carefully rendered. The exquisite chain is made of gold wire, plaited in a quadruple-link pattern. The scarab's base is engraved with a version of Book of the Dead chapter 30A, in which the deceased addresses her own heart, exhorting it not to bear witness against Hatnefer during the final judgment in the afterlife. In the top line, Hatnefer's name was inserted over an erased text, indicating that the scarab was not originally made for her. Heart scarabs were very popular amulets. For the ancient Egyptians the heart was not only the center of life, but also of thinking, memory, and moral values. In the final judgement the heart was thought to be weighed against maat – the principle of order and justice. Only if the deceased had lived a righteous life was he or she allowed to live on in the afterlife. Understandably, the Egyptians feared a negative outcome and special amulets were used to ensure a positive judgment. The flat underside of a heart scarab is usually inscribed with chapter 30B of the Book of the Dead, the so-called heart scarab spell, or with its less common version, chapter 30A, which was used here. The tomb of Hatnefer was discovered by the Museum's Egyptian Expedition in 1936. Hatnefer's heart scarab, mummy mask, canopic box, two rings, and two scarabs came to the Museum in the division of finds.