弯曲的曼陀罗 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	弯曲的曼陀罗
品名（英）	Bowed Mandolin
入馆年号	1889年，89.4.2909
策展部门	乐器（Musical Instruments）
创作者	Joseph Collingwood【1853 至 1928】【美国人】
创作年份	公元 1880 - 公元 1920
创作地区	美国, 威斯康星州, 日耳曼语（United States, Wisconsin, Germania）
分类	合唱歌手卢特鞠躬未解冻（Chordophone-Lute-bowed-unfretted）
尺寸	Total 长: 660 毫米长 of soundbox: 395 毫米宽 at widest point: 215 毫米 Depth at edge: 40 毫米
介绍（中）	1899年5月18日，威斯康星州日耳曼尼亚的赫尔曼·J·韦克沃斯为一种不寻常的曼陀林身体申请了专利，并于同年6月27日授予他。该专利明确指出，它是用于曼陀林主体的设计，并展示了一幅形状与大都会博物馆的例子相似的乐器图纸。该乐器有四根双弦，专利上的横截面显示顶部和后部略微呈拱形。因此，Weckwerth专利似乎与该时期的其他曼陀林设计有关，如奥维尔·吉布森1898年的拱形曼陀林专利（见大都会博物馆编号2015.643a，b，c）和乔治·康塔尔1900年在法国获得的Arnola（紫罗兰）专利（见公会博物馆编号2018.869a，b）然而，博物馆里的韦克沃斯乐器有一个高高的拱桥、一个拱形指板和一个像下巴一样的衬垫。此外，在乐器内部还有一个音箱和一个低音杆。这些特征表明，博物馆的乐器被设置成像小提琴一样鞠躬，而不是像曼陀林一样拔弦。鞠躬曼陀林是由爱荷华州奥图姆瓦备受尊敬的小提琴制造商约瑟夫·科林伍德为韦克沃斯制作的描述：菱形机身，下端（尾部）呈方形；拱形前部（松树）和后部；两个D形音孔剥落了一座粗糙的、高小提琴式的可移动桥，桥下增加了积木；乌木指板（未安装），从倾斜的小提琴式琴颈延伸到顶部上方，终止于带有齿轮传动装置销钉的扁平调音头；四对金属线（最低两对缠绕），连接在一个宽金属尾片上，尾片上还固定着一个天鹅绒覆盖的下巴；小提琴类型的低音杆和内部的音箱；深棕色清漆。
介绍（英）	Herman J. Weckwerth of Germania, Wisconsin filed a patent on May 18, 1899 for an unusual mandolin body, which was granted to him on June 27 of the same year. The patent specifices that it is for the design of a mandolin body and shows a drawing of an instrument shaped like the example at The Met. The instrument has four double-courses of strings and a cross-section on the patent reveals a slightly arched top and back. As such, the Weckwerth patent would seem to related to other mandolin designs from the period such as Orville Gibson's archtop mandolin patent of 1898 (see Met number 2015.643a, b, c) and George Contal's Arnola (violaline) patented in France in 1900 (see Met number 2018.869a, b). However, the Weckwerth instrument at the museum is set up with a high arched bridge, an arched fingerboard, and a padding like a chinrest on the tailpiece. Further, inside the instrument there is a soundpost and a bass bar. These features indicate the museum's instrument was set up to bow like a violin, rather than pluck like a mandolin. The bowed-mandolin was built for Weckwerth by the highly regarded violin maker Joseph Collingwood of Ottumwa, Iowa. Description: Lozenge-shape body with lower end (tail) squared off; arched front (pine) and back; two D-shaped soundholes flaking a crude, high violin-type movable bridge with blocks added under the feet; ebony fingerboard (unfretted) extending above top from an angled violin-type neck terminating in a flat tuning head with geared machine pegs; four pairs of wire strings (lowest two pairs overwound) attached to a wide metal tailpiece that also holds a velvet-covered chinrest; violin-type bass bar and sound post within; dark brown varnish.