Mahō拉图克（鼓） - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	Mahō拉图克（鼓）
品名（英）	Mahōra Thuk (กลองมโหระทึก)
入馆年号	1966年，66.38
策展部门	乐器（Musical Instruments）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1300 - 公元 1600
创作地区	老挝和泰国（Laos and Thailand）
分类	惯用语打击（Idiophone-Struck）
尺寸	13 1/4 × 18 3/8 × 18 3/8 英寸 (33.7 × 46.7 × 46.7 厘米)
介绍（中）	青铜鼓在东南亚和中国南部部分地区出土，是最古老的连续音乐传统之一。这些装饰精美的乐器是用失蜡铸造法分段制作的，顶部是青铜门楣，而不是皮头。最古老的例子可以追溯到今天越南北部的青铜时代（公元前四世纪晚期）；它们在葬礼仪式中被使用和埋葬。据信，有些被调谐并用于合奏。即使在今天，以各种名称命名的鼓在缅甸和泰国的克伦族以及中国广济和云南的其他民族的文化生活中仍发挥着重要作用鼓的平坦门楣中心通常装饰有一颗中心星，周围环绕着充满风格化动物、家庭场景或几何图案的同心带。凯伦人是万物有灵论者，相信鼓声能安抚山神，山神会带来好运。鼓也被用来召唤祖先来帮助生还者，以及带来雨水，正如许多门楣塔的基点上描绘的青蛙所示。学者们对鼓的意义和重要性进行了辩论，但一致认为鼓为了解古代东南亚的技术、习俗和信仰提供了一个窗口描述：青铜外壳，弯曲侧朝开口端张开，两侧有一对简单的纵向脊状手柄；扁平的圆形头部，中心饰有星形（星形点之间的蝴蝶图案），由一系列同心带围绕，低浮雕的几何和缩放设计，在两侧上部重复，边缘周围有四只青蛙。（J.Kenneth Moore，2015）
介绍（英）	Bronze drums, which have been unearthed throughout Southeast Asia and parts of southern China, represent one of the oldest continuous musical traditions. These beautifully decorated instruments are made in sections by the lost-wax casting method and topped by a bronze tympanum instead of a skin head. The most ancient examples date from the Bronze Age Đông Sõn culture (late fourth century B.C.E.) in present day northern Vietnam; they were used in and buried during funerary rituals. It is believed that some were tuned and used in ensembles. Even today the drums, known by various names, play an important role in the cultural life of the Karen people in Burma and Thailand and fo other groups in Guangzi and Yunnan, China. The drum's flat tympanum is commonly decorated with a central star encircled by concentric bands filled with stylized animals, domestic scenes, or geometric motifs. The Karen are animists and believe that the drums' sound placates mountain spirits (nats), who then bring good fortune. The drums are also used to summon ancestors to aid the living, as well as to bring rain, as indicated by the frogs depicted on the cardinal points of many tympana. Scholars debate the drums' significance and importance but agree that they provide a window into the technology, customs, and beliefs of ancient Southeast Asia. Description: bronze shell with curved sides flaring toward open end, pair of simple longitudinally ridged handles on opposite sides; flat, circular head decorated with star in center (butterfly motif between stars points) enclosed by series of concentric bands with geometric and zoomorphic designs in low relief, repeated on upper part of sides, four applied frogs around rim. (J. Kenneth Moore, 2015)