七弦低音提琴 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	七弦低音提琴
品名（英）	Seven String Bass Viol
入馆年号	1889年，89.4.1343
策展部门	乐器（Musical Instruments）
创作者	Nicolas Bertrand【1686 至 1735】【法国人】
创作年份	公元 1720
创作地区	法国, 巴黎（France, Paris）
分类	合唱歌手卢特鞠躬（Chordophone-Lute-bowed-fretted）
尺寸	高: 51 15/16 英寸 (132 厘米) 宽: 16 1/8 英寸 (41 厘米) Depth: 9 13/16 英寸 (25 厘米)
介绍（中）	小提琴，文艺复兴后期最受尊敬的弓乐器，只是逐渐被小提琴家族所取代。小提琴与小提琴的不同之处主要在于形状、弦数和调音，以及有弦的琴颈。所有的中提琴都是在膝盖之间或腿上以直立的姿势演奏的（"gamba"的意思是"腿"），弓的手掌向上。这种声音没有小提琴家族的乐器那么明亮和安静。四到六个中提琴的室内乐创作于文艺复兴和巴洛克时代，低音中提琴的独奏作品一直演奏到18世纪末十八世纪中叶，这种中提琴从法国带到加拿大魁北克市。这是在医院总修道院为富有女孩开办的寄宿学校里，还有其他乐器，也许是为合唱团伴奏。也许在1759年魁北克战役期间的某个时候，所有的乐器和其他物品都藏在修道院一堵匆忙建造的墙后面。这些乐器一直保留在那里，直到19世纪30年代，泥瓦匠们被带到修道院进行维修时发现了它们。伯特兰的这件乐器后来在1864年卖给了蒙特利尔的一位经销商William Snaith。1899年，他又把它卖给了玛丽·伊丽莎白·布朗这把中提琴保留了原来的琴颈，可能在19世纪中提琴被改装成大提琴时，琴颈被重新塑造。源自法国的低音中提琴有七根弦，这是法国中提琴演奏家让·德·圣科隆贝（1658-87年，1701年去世）的发明。尼古拉斯·伯特兰，最著名的中提琴制造商之一，将这一特点融入了他的低音中提琴中。
介绍（英）	Viols, the most esteemed bowed instruments of the late Renaissance, were only gradually displaced by the violin family. Viols differ from violins chiefly in shape, in number of strings and tuning, and in having fretted necks. All viols are played in an upright position between the knees or on the legs ("gamba" means "leg"), and the bow is held palm upward. The sound is less brilliant and quieter than that of the violin family of instruments. Chamber music for a consort of four to six viols was composed during the Renaissance and Baroque eras, and solo works for the bass viol were being played until nearly the end of the eighteenth century. This viol was brought from France to Quebec City in Canada in the middle of the eighteenth century. It was at a boarding school for wealthy girls run at the Convent of the Hospital General along with other instruments, perhaps to accompany a choir. At some point, perhaps in 1759 during the Battle of Quebec, all of the instruments along with other items were hidden behind a hastily constructed wall in the convent. The instruments remained there until the 1830s when masons discovered them when they were brought in to make repairs to the convent. This instrument by Bertrand was later sold in 1864 to a dealer in Montreal, William Snaith. He in turn sold it to Mary Elizabeth Brown in 1899. This viol retains its original neck, which was reshaped when the viol was converted to a cello, probably in the nineteenth century. Bass viols of French origin feature seven strings, an invention of the French viol player Jean de Sainte-Colombe (fl. 1658–87, died by 1701). Nicolas Bertrand, one of the most celebrated makers of viols, incorporated this feature in his bass viols.