修道院十字架 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	修道院十字架
品名（英）	The Cloisters Cross
入馆年号	1963年，63.12
策展部门	修道院（The Cloisters）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1150 - 公元 1160
创作地区
分类	常春藤（Ivories）
尺寸	整体: 22 5/8 x 14 1/4英寸 (57.5 x 36.2厘米) shaft: 12 3/8 x 1 11/16 英寸 (31.4 x 4.3厘米) shaft-thickness: 1 1/4英寸 (3.2厘米) top piece: 8 1/8英寸 (20.6厘米) Cross piece: 9 3/4英寸 (24.8厘米) Central medallion: 2 5/8英寸 (6.7厘米) Terminal plaque: Mark: 2 1/4 x 2 5/16英寸 (5.7 x 5.9厘米) Terminal plaque: Luke: 2 5/16 x 2 1/8英寸 (5.9 x 5.4厘米) Terminal plaque: John: 2 5/16 x 2 1/4英寸 (5.9 x 5.7厘米) Thickness, each: 1 1/2英寸 (3.8厘米) to: 1 5/8英寸 (4.1厘米)
介绍（中）	作为罗马式艺术的杰作之一，这座祭坛十字架上有大约92个人物和98个铭文，是复杂的肖像画程序的载体，这在基督教艺术中是无与伦比的。在十字架的一侧，风格化的树干叠加在十字架上，末端呈现了耶稣死亡和复活的故事场景。另一边，希伯来语的先知们，每个人都拿着一幅写有自己文字的卷轴，围绕着上帝羔羊的中心寓言奖章，显然被犹太教堂的拟人化刺穿了。福音书作者福音派的象征出现在终端：左边是马克的狮子，右边是卢克的牛，上面是约翰的鹰；马太福音的天使在海底消失了人们经常认为十字架来自萨福克郡伯里圣埃德蒙兹的英国修道院。主题的丰富性和整体的智力特征表明了激烈的神学对话。铭文中最突出的是对犹太人的几次强烈谩骂。尽管不可能确切地知道是谁委托创作这件作品以及创作目的，但十字架在一定程度上表明了当时英国普遍存在的反犹太情绪。事实上，到十三世纪末，犹太人被驱逐出境。
介绍（英）	One of the masterpieces of Romanesque art, this altar cross with some ninety-two figures and ninety-eight inscriptions is the vehicle for a complex iconographic program that is unrivaled in Christian art. On one side, the stylized trunk of a tree is superimposed on the Cross, and the terminals present scenes from the story of Jesus’ death and resurrection. On the other side, Hebrew prophets, each holding a scroll with his own words, surround the central, allegorical medallion of the Lamb of God, apparently being pierced by the personification of Synagogue. Symbols of the Evangelists, authors of the Gospels, appear on the terminals: the lion of Mark on the left, the ox of Luke on the right, and the eagle of John on the top; the angel of Matthew once on the bottom is lost. It has often been suggested that the cross comes from the English abbey at Bury Saint Edmunds in Suffolk. The richness of subjects and the overall intellectual character suggest intense theological dialogue. Prominent among the inscriptions are several strong invectives against Jews. Though it is impossible to know precisely who commissioned this piece and with what aims, the cross offers some indication of the anti-Jewish sentiment prevalent in England at this time. Indeed, by the end of the thirteenth century, Jews were expelled from the country.