怀伊河（Liber Studiorum，第X部分，板48） - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	怀伊河（Liber Studiorum，第X部分，板48）
品名（英）	River Wye (Liber Studiorum, part X, plate 48)
入馆年号	1928年，28.97.48
策展部门	绘画和印刷品（Drawings and Prints）
创作者	Joseph Mallord William Turner【1775 至 1851】【英国人】
创作年份	公元 1812
创作地区
分类	印刷品（Prints）
尺寸	plate: 7 1/4 x 10 1/2 英寸 (18.4 x 26.7 厘米) 页: 8 3/8 x 11 9/16 英寸 (21.3 x 29.4 厘米)
介绍（中）	特纳在1807年至1819年间出版的《研究之书》（拉丁语为Book of Studies）中提炼了他对风景的看法，该书共有70幅版画和一幅正面作品。为了确定构图，他绘制了棕色水彩画，然后在铜板上蚀刻轮廓。专业雕刻师通常在特纳的指导下开发色调，Annis在这里添加了mezzotint，以唤起怀伊河上一个宁静的夜晚，太阳落在切普斯托城堡后面（后者也出现在《自由报》第28期的《塞文河和怀伊河的交界处》中）。就好像这位艺术家决定创作一幅完美的风景画，这种风景画在18世纪的英国备受争议。特色元素包括环形河上被毁坏的城堡令人愉悦的不规则性，以及木炭燃烧器产生的烟雾，平静的奶牛和男性游泳运动员增添了当地人的兴趣。上边缘的字母"EP"可能代表高架田园，特纳将其应用于布景中的风景，呼应了克劳德的阿卡迪亚式情感。
介绍（英）	Turner distilled his ideas about landscape In "Liber Studiorum" (Latin for Book of Studies), a series of seventy prints plus a frontispiece published between 1807 and 1819. To establish the compositions, he made brown watercolor drawings, then etched outlines onto copper plates. Professional engravers usually developed the tone under Turner's direction, and Annis here added mezzotint to evoke a peaceful evening on the River Wye with the sun settng behind Chepstow Castle (the latter also appears in "The Junction of the Severn and the Wye," no. 28 in the Liber). It is as though the artist decided to produce a perfect example of the Picturesque, a kind of landscape much debated in eighteenth-century Britain. Characteristic elements include the pleasing irregularity of the ruined castle over the looping river, and smudge of smoke produced by a charcoal burner, with placid cows and male swimmers adding notes of local interest. The letters "EP" in the upper margin likely stand for Elevated Pastoral and were applied by Turner to landscapes within the set that echo the Arcadian sensibility of Claude.