十二个十字弓螺栓 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	十二个十字弓螺栓
品名（英）	Twelve Crossbow Bolts
入馆年号	1914年，14.25.1591a–l
策展部门	武器和盔甲（Arms and Armor）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1375 - 公元 1700
创作地区	原产国: （Country of Origin: ）
分类	弓箭设备（Archery Equipment）
尺寸	(j), 长 17 3/16 英寸 (43.7 厘米); 长 head 2 5/8 英寸 (6.6 厘米); 宽 head 3/4 英寸 (1.9 厘米); 重 2.6 盎司 (74 g)
介绍（中）	由于弩的威力比长弓大，弩不能射细长的箭，而必须使用坚固的螺栓。螺栓或争吵（来自法国卡罗，方形）有一个横截面几乎为正方形的插座头，并且有一个钝点，在撞击板甲时不会弯曲;轴的后端被压平，以便安装到弩螺母的凹口中。两条刚性皮革或薄木板条以一定角度镶嵌在轴上的凹槽中，以使螺栓保持飞行稳定旋转。后来，旋转导弹的想法被用于步枪子弹。狩猎螺栓的头部比战争中的争吵要轻;它们的羽毛通常由三根羽毛制成，经过精心设置，以便螺栓可以平放在弩的转轮上，一根羽毛向上伸出。通常，这些羽毛被染成鲜艳的颜色或醒目的图案，以便识别狩猎猎物，也有助于恢复流浪螺栓。带有圆柱形头部的弩螺栓，前端有两个交叉凹槽，以产生四个钝尖，是专门为射击纹章鹰形状的人大小目标而设计的运动螺栓。这些Vogelschiessen和Schützenfeste（神射手节）今天仍然在德国和瑞士古朴的小镇举行，但在社区的安全取决于其公民民兵的军事力量的日子里，它们是严肃的训练。由于保卫城墙的明显方法是尽可能多地使用弩手，因此每个身体健全的人都必须接受使用这种武器的训练，如果不这样做，可能会导致面临额外的税收，甚至失去投票权。在射击比赛中，目标鸟是用木头制成的，所有部分松散地拢在一起，这样幸运的射击就会打掉翅膀或尾羽、头或腿。所有部分都进行了编号以保持得分，谁得分最高，要么在最后一枪中击倒枯竭的躯干，谁就是当年的Schützenkönig（"射手之王"）。在美好的过去，这意味着在他的"统治"期间免除所有城市税！
介绍（英）	For reason of the greater power of the crossbow compared to the longbow, crossbows could not shoot slender arrows but had to use sturdy bolts. The bolt or quarrel (from French carreau, square) has a socketed head almost square in cross section and with an obtuse point that would not bend upon impact on plate armor; the rear end of the shaft was flattened in order to fit into the notch of the crossbow's nut. Two strips of stiff leather or thin wooden slats are set at an angle into grooves in the shaft, in order to give the bolt a flight-stabilizing spin. Later the idea of the spinning missile was adopted for rifle bullets. Hunting bolts had lighter heads than quarrels for warfare; their fletchings are often made of three feathers, carefully set so that the bolt could lie flat on the crossbow's runner, with one feather sticking upward. Often these feathers were dyed bright colors or striking patterns to make identification of the hunting prey possibly, and also to help in recovering stray bolts. Crossbow bolts with cylindrical heads filed with two crossing grooves at the fore-end in order to produce four blunt tips, were sporting bolts especially designed for shooting at man-size targets in the shape of heraldic eagles. These Vogelschiessen and Schützenfeste (marksmen's festivals) are still held today in quaint little towns in Germany and Switzerland, but they were serious training in the days when the safety of a community depended on the military strength of its citizen's militia. Since the obvious way of defending a walled town was with as many crossbowmen as possibly, every able-bodied man had to be trained in the use of this weapon, and failure to do so might result in facing an additional tax or even in losing one's voting rights. In shooting contests the target birds were made of wood, with all parts loosely doweled together, so that a lucky shot would knock off wing or tail feathers, head or leg. All parts were numbered for keeping score, and whoever either had the highest score or brought down the depleted torso with a final shot was the Schützenkönig ("King of the marksmen") for the year. In the good old days, that meant exemption from all city taxes for the period of his "reign!"