气缸密封件 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	气缸密封件
品名（英）	Cylinder seal
入馆年号	1987年，1987.96.5
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 1800 - 公元前 1600
创作地区
分类
尺寸	0.94 英寸 (2.39 厘米)
介绍（中）	尽管早在公元前七千年，雕刻的石头就被用来在粘土上压印印记，但公元前四千年，可以在粘土上滚动的雕刻圆柱体的发明使得印章设计更加复杂。这些最初在美索不达米亚使用的圆筒形印章，作为所有权或身份的标志。印章要么印在用来关闭罐子、门和篮子的粘土块上，要么印在记录商业或法律交易信息的泥板上。这些印章通常由宝石制成。保护性财产可能归因于材料本身和雕刻图案。印章对古代近东艺术的研究很重要，因为每个时期都有许多印章，因此，印章可以帮助确定时间阶段。通常保存的图像不再存在于任何其他媒介中，它们作为风格和图像的视觉编年史展示了印章的现代印象，从而可以看到整个设计。这枚印章上有三行铭文和女神伊什塔尔的场景，伊什塔尔穿着敞开的长袍，右手举着权杖，左手拿着弯刀。武器从她的肩膀上冒出来，她站在一只狮头鹰上。面对她的是一个手持狼牙棒的男人，他站在讲台上，身后站着一位恳求的女神。呈现场景——在神或统治者面前有一位崇拜者——是古巴比伦时期印章上常见的图案。赤铁矿是一种深色硬石，是这一时期海豹生产的另一个特点。
介绍（英）	Although engraved stones had been used as early as the seventh millennium B.C. to stamp impressions in clay, the invention in the fourth millennium B.C. of carved cylinders that could be rolled over clay allowed the development of more complex seal designs. These cylinder seals, first used in Mesopotamia, served as a mark of ownership or identification. Seals were either impressed on lumps of clay that were used to close jars, doors, and baskets, or they were rolled onto clay tablets that recorded information about commercial or legal transactions. The seals were often made of precious stones. Protective properties may have been ascribed to both the material itself and the carved designs. Seals are important to the study of ancient Near Eastern art because many examples survive from every period and can, therefore, help to define chronological phases. Often preserving imagery no longer extant in any other medium, they serve as a visual chronicle of style and iconography. The modern impression of the seal is shown so that the entire design can be seen. This seal features a three line inscription and a scene with the goddess Ishtar, who is shown wearing an open robe and holding a mace in her raised right hand and a scimitar in her left. Weapons emerge from her shoulders and she stands on a lion-headed eagle. Facing her is a man with a mace standing on a platform and behind him stands a suppliant goddess. Presentation scenes – featuring a worshipper before a deity or ruler – were common motifs on seals of the Old Babylonian period. The use of hematite, a dark colored hard stone, is another characteristic of seal production in this period.