朝圣瓶 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	朝圣瓶
品名（英）	Pilgrim flask
入馆年号	1978年，1978.93.10
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 400 - 公元前 200
创作地区
分类
尺寸	7 3/16 × 6 3/16 × 4 3/16 英寸 (18.2 × 15.7 × 10.7 厘米)
介绍（中）	这种透镜状（即透镜状）陶瓷器皿是由淡黄色的浅黄色粘土制成的。它有一个狭窄的嘴，肩膀上有一个小的环形把手。它是在今天伊朗西南部帕萨加代的Tall-i Takht上发掘的。帕萨加代是阿契美尼德波斯帝国的第一个首都，由国王居鲁士于公元前550年建立。公元前530年他去世后，他的继任者坎比塞斯和大流士在该地进行了进一步的工作，但在510年代，大流士将重点转移到了新的首都波斯波利斯。Tall-i Takht是一个巨大的平台，可能是一座从未完工的皇家宫殿的所在地。相反，那里建造了一座巨大的泥砖建筑，可能是一座皇家仓库，一直矗立到大约公元前280年，当时Tall-i Takht被烧毁，可能是在反抗塞琉古王朝的起义中这种形状的器皿通常被称为"朝圣烧瓶"，因为它们与罗马帝国晚期开始在地中海各地的基督教朝圣地点出售的纪念器皿相似。然而，这种形状早在基督教出现之前就已经存在了，所以这个词有些误导性。这种容器的小尺寸和窄口当然有助于将其用作水或其他饮料的个人烧瓶，很像现代食堂这艘船于1962年由英国波斯研究所发掘。然而，它直到1978年才被大都会艺术博物馆收购，这是因为大都会博物馆为该研究所在伊朗另一个遗址Tepe Nush-i Jan的发掘工作提供了资金。当时，伊朗政府允许外国挖掘机保留一部分发现物，而这些挖掘机反过来会将其份额分配给支持这项工作的机构。
介绍（英）	This lentoid (i.e., lens-shaped) ceramic vessel is made of yellowish buff clay. It has a narrow mouth, and small loop handles at the shoulder. It was excavated on the Tall-i Takht at Pasargadae in what is today southwestern Iran. Pasargadae was the first capital of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, founded by King Cyrus ca. 550 B.C. After his death ca. 530 B.C. further work at the site was carried out by his successors Cambyses and Darius, but in the 510s Darius shifted his focus to the new capital Persepolis. The Tall-i Takht, a massive platform, was probably intended to be the site of a royal palace which was never completed. Instead a large mudbrick structure was built there, possibly a royal storehouse, which stood until ca. 280 B.C. when the Tall-i Takht was burned, possibly during a revolt against the Seleucids. Vessels of this shape are often called ‘pilgrim flasks’ because of their resemblance to the souvenir vessels sold at Christian pilgrimage sites around the Mediterranean, beginning in the late Roman Empire. Yet this shape existed long before the advent of Christianity, so this term is somewhat misleading. The small size and narrow mouth of this vessel certainly lend themselves to its use as personal flask for water or some other drink, much like a modern canteen. This vessel was excavated in 1962 by the British Institute of Persian Studies. However, it was not acquired by the Metropolitan Museum of Art until 1978, as a result of the Met’s financial contributions to the Institute’s excavations at Tepe Nush-i Jan, another site in Iran. At the time the Iranian government allowed foreign excavators to keep a portion of the finds, and these excavators in turn would divide their share among the institutions that supported the work.