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美国纽约大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅
美国纽约大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅
美国大都会艺术博物馆中的24万件展品,图片展示以及中文和英文双语介绍(中文翻译仅供参考)
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品名(中)浮雕家具牌匾,刻有两个加添的羊头狮身人面像
品名(英)Furniture plaque carved in relief with two addorsed, ram-headed sphinxes
入馆年号1967年,67.22.3
策展部门古代近东艺术Ancient Near Eastern Art
创作者
创作年份公元前 900 - 公元前 700
创作地区
分类
尺寸1 7/8 x 6 x 1/4 英寸 (4.7 x 15.2 x 0.7 厘米)
介绍(中)在这个狭窄的矩形牌匾上,两个沙发和加多椅(斜倚和背靠背)狮身人面像以低浮雕雕刻,并设置在薄框架内。这件作品是在Shalmaneser堡的一个大储藏室里发现的,这是Nimrud的一座皇家建筑,可能是用来存放亚述人在军事行动中收集的贡品和战利品的。最初,它可能被用作装饰一件木制家具的镶嵌物。粘合剂可能有助于将象牙固定在木制家具框架上。背面经过粗糙处理,可能是为了帮助胶水将斑块表面连接到框架上。这件作品因其优雅的雕刻风格和丰富的埃及图像而被归类为腓尼基作品。在第三个中期时期,尼罗河流域经常描绘公羊头狮身人面像,这一时期恰逢腓尼基人在黎凡特的存在。他们的眼睛被深深地钻孔,以接受半宝石或彩色玻璃的镶嵌。虽然狮子座的后躯符合狮身人面像的典型代表,但这些混血生物的前腿采用了双手高举、手掌张开的人类手臂的形式,这一创新展示了腓尼基工匠如何创造性地改变他们从埃及艺术中借鉴的图像,pschent王冠(上埃及和下埃及的双冠)和狮身人面像佩戴的wesekh宽领也取材于埃及艺术。狮身人身像后面出现了两朵莲花,左边是一棵零碎的杂交树

尼姆鲁德的宫殿和储藏室由亚述国王阿舒尔纳西尔帕尔二世建造,存放着数千块雕刻的象牙。象牙大多用作家具镶嵌物或盒子等小型贵重物品。虽然其中一些象牙的雕刻风格与西北宫墙壁上的大型亚述浮雕相同,但大多数象牙都展示了与北叙利亚和腓尼基城邦艺术有关的图像和风格。腓尼基风格的象牙的特点是使用了与埃及艺术相关的图像,如狮身人面像和戴法老王冠的人物,以及使用了精细的雕刻技术,如透雕和彩色玻璃镶嵌。北叙利亚风格的象牙往往以更具活力的构图描绘出更敦实的人物,雕刻成实心牌匾,添加的装饰元素较少。然而,有些单品不容易融入这三种风格中的任何一种。大多数象牙可能是亚述国王从附庸国收集的贡品,也可能是被征服的敌人的战利品,而有些象牙可能是在尼姆鲁德的作坊里制造的。为这些物品提供原材料的象牙几乎可以肯定来自从埃及南部进口的非洲象,尽管大象确实栖息在叙利亚的几个河谷中,直到公元前八世纪末被猎杀灭绝。
介绍(英)Two couchant and addorsed (reclining and back-to-back) sphinxes are carved in low relief and set within thin frames on this this narrow, rectangular plaque. This piece was found in a large storeroom at Fort Shalmaneser, a royal building at Nimrud that was probably used to store tribute and booty collected by the Assyrians while on military campaign. Originally, it was probably used as an inlay to decorate a piece of wooden furniture. An adhesive probably aided the attachment of the ivory to a wooden furniture frame. The reverse has been roughened, probably to help the glue join the surface of the plaque to the frame. This piece has been classified as Phoenician due to the elegant carving style and abundance of Egyptian imagery. Ram-headed sphinxes were often depicted in the Nile Valley during the Third Intermediate Period, a time that coincided with Phoenician presence in the Levant. Their eyes are deeply drilled to receive inlays of semiprecious stones or colored glass. While the leonine hindquarters conform to canonical representations of sphinxes, the forelegs of these hybrid creatures take the form of human arms with upraised hands and open palms, an innovation that demonstrates how Phoenician artisans creatively transformed the images they borrowed from Egyptian art. The nemes cloth (a royal, pleated headdress), pschent crown (the double crown of Upper and Lower Egypt), and wesekh broad collar worn by the sphinxes are also drawn from Egyptian art. Two lotus flowers emerge behind the sphinxes and a fragmentary, hybrid tree borders the scene on the left.

Built by the Assyrian king Ashurnasirpal II, the palaces and storerooms of Nimrud housed thousands of pieces of carved ivory. Most of the ivories served as furniture inlays or small precious objects such as boxes. While some of them were carved in the same style as the large Assyrian reliefs lining the walls of the Northwest Palace, the majority of the ivories display images and styles related to the arts of North Syria and the Phoenician city-states. Phoenician style ivories are distinguished by their use of imagery related to Egyptian art, such as sphinxes and figures wearing pharaonic crowns, and the use of elaborate carving techniques such as openwork and colored glass inlay. North Syrian style ivories tend to depict stockier figures in more dynamic compositions, carved as solid plaques with fewer added decorative elements. However, some pieces do not fit easily into any of these three styles. Most of the ivories were probably collected by the Assyrian kings as tribute from vassal states, and as booty from conquered enemies, while some may have been manufactured in workshops at Nimrud. The ivory tusks that provided the raw material for these objects were almost certainly from African elephants, imported from lands south of Egypt, although elephants did inhabit several river valleys in Syria until they were hunted to extinction by the end of the eighth century B.C.
  大都会艺术博物馆,英文 Metropolitan Museum of Art,是美国最大的艺术博物馆,世界著名博物馆,位于美国纽约第五大道的82号大街。
  大都会博物馆回顾了人类自身的文明史的发展,与中国北京的故宫、英国伦敦的大英博物馆、法国巴黎的卢浮宫、俄罗斯圣彼得堡的艾尔米塔什博物馆并称为世界五大博物馆。