鸟形的雷顿 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	鸟形的雷顿
品名（英）	Rhyton in the shape of a bird
入馆年号	1959年，59.95
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 1000 - 公元前 500
创作地区
分类
尺寸	7 1/2 英寸 × 5 英寸 × 9 1/4 英寸 (19.1 × 12.7 × 23.5 厘米)
介绍（中）	这种抛光陶瓷器皿被称为"rhyton"（复数"rhyta"）。虽然大多数容器只有开口，但 rhyta 有两个单独的容器用于填充和倾倒或饮用。它们通常还具有动物，人或神话生物形式的雕塑元素。这个押韵的形状像一个足球。一个带有喇叭形边缘的颈部从顶部出现，管状喷口从一端升起并以鸟头的形式终止。现在不见了的眼睛，大概是最初镶嵌的。韵鸟用三条腿站立：两条在鸟腿所在的前面，一条在后面支撑。两排轮廓分的线条，暗示着翅膀，从船的颈部以弧形延伸到后部。容器的正面和底部也有切口的舱口标记。整体效果营造出鸟的印象，也许是鸽子。在伊朗北部的吉兰省，至少发现了两个类似的韵律，都是铁器时代的，一个在阿姆拉什的墓地，另一个在塔勒什县的玛丽安附近;因此，这种韵也可能起源于伊朗北部。其功能尚不清楚。在后来的时期，rhyta被用作饮用器皿，但这种使用在铁器时代没有得到证实。这种容器更有可能用于倾倒，来自Marlik，Sialk和Luristan等地的其他当代动物形状的容器也是如此。这种倾倒是在用餐还是仪式的背景下进行是不可能的，但可以肯定的是，像这样的精致容器只会在特殊场合使用。
介绍（英）	This burnished ceramic vessel is known as a ‘rhyton’ (plural ‘rhyta’). While most vessels have only opening, rhyta have two separate ones for filling and for pouring or drinking. They also generally have sculptural elements in the form of animals, people or mythical creatures. This rhyton is shaped like a football. A neck with a flaring rim emerges from the top, and a tubular spout rises from one end and terminates in the form of a bird’s head. The eyes, now missing, were presumably inlaid originally. The rhyton stands on three legs: two at the front where a bird’s legs would be, and one at the back for support. Two rows of incised lines, suggestive of wings, run from the vessel’s neck to the back in an arc. There are also incised hatch marks on the front and bottom of the vessel. The overall effect creates the impression of a bird, perhaps a pigeon. At least two similar rhyta, both of Iron Age date, have been excavated in Gilan Province in northern Iran, one in a cemetery at Amlash and another near Maryan in Talesh County; this rhyton thus likely originates in northern Iran as well. Its function is unclear. In later periods rhyta were used as drinking vessels, but this use is not attested in the Iron Age. More likely this vessel was used for pouring, as were other contemporary animal-shaped vessels from places such as Marlik, Sialk and Luristan. Whether this pouring took place in the context of dining or ritual is impossible to say, but it is certain that an elaborate vessel like this one would only be used on special occasions.