花卉和植物设计的墙壁装饰 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	花卉和植物设计的墙壁装饰
品名（英）	Wall decoration with floral and vegetal design
入馆年号	1932年，32.150.11
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元 500 - 公元 600
创作地区
分类
尺寸	7 5/16 × 17 1/16 × 2 5/16 英寸 (18.5 × 43.3 × 5.8 厘米)
介绍（中）	灰泥浮雕通常被用来装饰伊旺和萨桑尼亚精英住宅的接待厅。在Ctesiphon地区挖掘的房屋中发现了许多例子，包括这种浮雕，由三朵小花组成，在棕榈叶之间交替，下面有一个串珠状的边界。该设计是在Ma’aridh IV和Umm ez-Za'tir的房屋中发现的，该浮雕是用这两个遗址的碎片重建的。使用模具制作灰泥可以创造大规模的重复图案，如花卉和植物图案 Ctesiphon市位于底格里斯河东岸，距离现代伊拉克巴格达以南20英里（32公里）。它作为帕提亚人和萨萨尼亚人的首都繁荣了800多年，这两个王朝是七世纪伊斯兰征服前统治古代近东的最后两个王朝。1928年至29年，由德国东方学会（Deutsche Orient Gesellschaft）赞助的一支探险队在克特西丰地区进行了系统的挖掘。1931-32年，大都会艺术博物馆和柏林国家美术馆进行了一次为期一季的联合探险。进行了几次挖掘，包括在主宫殿（Taq-i Kisra）、Tell Dheheb宫殿南部的一个小设防区、Ma’aridh土堆的多栋房屋，以及一个名为Umm ez-Za'tir的小土堆的额外房屋在Ctesiphon地区的挖掘过程中，从一系列名为el Ma'aridh的小土堆中挖掘出了六栋房屋。这些房子采用了典型的萨桑式设计，混合了方形和细长的房间。Ma’aridh IV的房子被部分挖掘，暴露的部分显示了房子的服务区和接待区。在挖掘的东北角，有两个房间，其中一个有柱子，用灰泥装饰。一个有四个壁龛的大庭院可能是房子的中心。西南部的房间在性质上似乎更具功能性，可能用作服务室。一个房间可能起到了浴缸的作用，正如挖掘出的水道所示。像Ma’aridh IV这样的大房子显然是一个精英家庭，其巨大的面积（挖掘了1200平方米）和装饰过的房间证明了这一点还在Taq-I Kisra以东约2公里处的一个小土堆上进行了挖掘，该土堆被称为Umm ez-Za'tir或百里香之母，与住房相关的房间暴露在外。在1928/1929年和1931/1932年的冬季进行的挖掘揭示了一座6世纪萨桑尼亚式房屋的平面图，该房屋遵循了方形和细长房间的典型混合平面图。东墙和西墙都有岩画，墙上和拱门上都有灰泥浮雕。
介绍（英）	Stucco reliefs were commonly used to decorate the iwans and reception halls of elite Sasanian houses. Many examples were found in excavated houses in the Ctesiphon area including this relief consisting of three small flowers alternating between palm leaves with a beaded border below. The design was found at houses in both Ma’aridh IV and Umm ez-Za’tir and this relief is reconstructed from fragments from both sites. The use of molds to make stuccos allowed for the creation of large scale repetitive patterns such as floral and vegetal motifs. The city of Ctesiphon was located on the east bank of the Tigris River, 20 miles (32 km) south of modern Baghdad in Iraq. It flourished for more than 800 years as the capital of the Parthians and the Sasanians, the last two dynasties to rule the ancient Near East before the Islamic conquest in the seventh century. Systematic excavations in the Ctesiphon area were undertaken by an expedition in 1928–29 sponsored by the German Oriental Society (Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft). The Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Staatliche Museen, Berlin, undertook a joint expedition for one season in 1931–32. Several excavations were conducted, including at the main palace (Taq-i Kisra), in a small fortified area south of the palace at Tell Dheheb, at multiple houses at the mounds of Ma’aridh, and at additional houses at a small mound called Umm ez-Za’tir. Over the course of the excavations in the Ctesiphon area, six houses from a series of small mounds called el Ma’aridh were excavated. These houses follow typical Sasanian design with a mix of square and elongated rooms. The house at Ma’aridh IV was partially excavated and the exposed portions show both service and reception areas of the house. In the northeast corner of the excavations two rooms, one with pillars, were decorated with stuccos. A large courtyard with four niches probably was the center of the house. The southwest rooms seem to be more functional in nature and may have served as service rooms. One room may have functioned as a bath as indicated by the water channels excavated. A large house such as Ma’aridh IV was clearly an elite household as demonstrated by its large size (1200 square meters were excavated) and the decorated rooms. Excavations were also conducted at a small mound approximately 2 km east of the Taq-I Kisra called Umm ez-Za’tir or Mother of Thyme where rooms associated with housing were exposed. Excavations conducted in the winters of 1928/1929 and 1931/1932 revealed the plan of a 6th century Sasanian house following the typical plan of a mix of square and elongated rooms. Iwans were found on the east and west walls which were decorated with stucco reliefs on the walls and on the arches.