| 介绍（英） | Stucco reliefs were commonly used to decorate elite Sasanian houses like these examples from Ma’aridh VI in the Ctesiphon area. These four tiles (MMA 32.150.5, 32.150.6, 32.150.7, 32.150.8), found in the remains of a vaulted reception room, or iwan, formed part of a larger wall covering. Because only one mold was needed to create the tiles, the intricate vine motif could be repeated endlessly and still be quite complex. The reconstruction suggests the effect of such panels in their original setting.
The city of Ctesiphon was located on the east bank of the Tigris River, 20 miles (32 km) south of modern Baghdad in Iraq. It flourished for more than 800 years as the capital of the Parthians and the Sasanians, the last two dynasties to rule the ancient Near East before the Islamic conquest in the seventh century. Systematic excavations in the Ctesiphon area were undertaken by an expedition in 1928–29 sponsored by the German Oriental Society (Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft). The Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Staatliche Museen, Berlin, undertook a joint expedition for one season in 1931–32. Several excavations were conducted, including at the main palace (Taq-i Kisra), in a small fortified area south of the palace at Tell Dheheb, at multiple houses at the mounds of Ma’aridh, and at additional houses at a small mound called Umm ez-Za’tir.
Over the course of the excavations in the Ctesiphon area, six houses from a series of small mounds called el Ma’aridh were excavated. The house at Ma’aridh VI was only partially excavated and a plan of the building was not made. The stucco fragments from the house, however, suggest that the cruciform niches in the reception area were richly decorated. |