葬礼救济 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	葬礼救济
品名（英）	Funerary relief
入馆年号	1902年，02.29.5
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元 150 - 公元 200
创作地区	来自于: （From: ）
分类
尺寸	17 11/16 × 16 7/16 × 7 15/16 英寸 (44.9 × 41.8 × 20.2 厘米)
介绍（中）	铭文： 1'Alayyat， 3 Zabdibol的2个女儿。音译： 1 ʿlyt 2 brt 3 zbdbwl 这种浮雕是公元前三个世纪繁荣的商队城市巴尔米拉的一种葬礼纪念碑，带有死者代表和简短识别铭文的浮雕被用来密封精心装饰的公共坟墓中的墓龛; 那些半长或半身像格式的人在公元65年之后的某个时候开始流行。浮雕描绘了一个穿着垂坠服装的女人的上半身，左肩别着一枚精致的胸针，她直接面向观众。她的头发在太阳穴处盘起，被头巾状的头饰遮住，戴在覆盖额头的图案丰富的王冠上。哑铃形状的吊坠耳环，可能代表两颗珍珠或珠子，由垂直杆连接，挂在她的耳垂上;每只耳环的下球仍然与两侧的宝石相连，以保护这个精致雕刻的细节不被破坏。她头上戴着长长的面纱，右手将面纱的边缘保持在肩膀水平，而丰盈的织物缠绕在左臂上，只露出手。左手握着面纱的环形褶皱。在她的左肩上，帕尔米林阿拉姆语的铭文记录了她的名字和她父亲的名字，背景空白。她的表情很平静，她的目光没有与观众相遇，而是远远地望向远方。眼睛的虹膜和瞳孔以切开的同心圆为标志，眉毛由简单的切口线表示。她薄唇的小嘴巴噘着淡淡的笑容。表面的碎屑和裂缝是由于使用了柔软的当地石灰石。浮雕在风格上可以追溯到公元 150-200 年左右，因为发型以及她的手和面纱的排列。
介绍（英）	Inscription: 1 ‘Alayyat, 2 daughter of 3 Zabdibol. Transliteration: 1 ʿlyt 2 brt 3 zbdbwl This relief is a type of funerary monument characteristic of the prosperous caravan city of Palmyra during the first three centuries A.D. Reliefs with a representation of the deceased and a short identifying inscription were used to seal burial niches in elaborately decorated communal tombs; those with a half-length or bust format became prevalent sometime after A.D. 65. The relief depicts the upper body of a woman dressed in a draped garment, pinned at the left shoulder with an elaborate brooch, who faces directly towards the viewer. Her hair is gathered up at the temples and covered by a turban-like headdress, worn over a richly patterned diadem that covers her forehead. Pendant earrings in the shape of dumbbells, perhaps representing two pearls or beads connected by a vertical rod, hang from her earlobes; the lower ball of each earring is still connected to the stone at either side, to protect this delicately carved detail from breakage. She wears a long veil over her head, and holds its edge at shoulder level with her right hand, while the voluminous fabric wraps around the left arm, leaving only the hand exposed. The left hand holds a looped fold of the veil. Over her left shoulder, an inscription in Palmyrene Aramaic records her name and her father’s name, against a blank background. Her expression is serene, and her gaze does not meet the viewer’s but looks far into the distance. The iris and pupil of the eye are marked by incised concentric circles, and the eyebrows are indicated by simple incised lines. Her small, thin-lipped mouth is pursed in a faint smile. Chips and cracks in the surface are due to the use of soft local limestone. The relief can be stylistically dated to around 150-200 A.D. because of the hairstyle, and the arrangement of her hands and veil.