葬礼救济 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	葬礼救济
品名（英）	Funerary relief
入馆年号	1902年，02.29.4
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元 181
创作地区	来自于: （From: ）
分类
尺寸	20 3/8 × 17 5/8 × 8 1/2 英寸 (51.8 × 44.8 × 21.6 厘米)
介绍（中）	题词： 1 唉！2 努尔贝尔， 3 莫基姆的儿子，（努尔贝尔的儿子）。 4 秦炎（月） 5-7 492年。音译： 1 ḥbl 2 nwrbl br 3 mqymw nwrbl 4 bqnyn šnt 5 4.100 6 +80 7 +10+2 这种浮雕是公元前三个世纪繁荣的商队城市巴尔米拉的一种墓葬纪念碑。带有死者代表和简短识别铭文的浮雕被用来密封精心装饰的公共坟墓中的墓龛; 那些半长或半身像格式的人在某个时候变得流行起来公元65年。浮雕描绘了一个大胡子男人的上半身，他穿着一件被称为himation的希腊服装，它像吊索一样缠绕在他的右臂上，左手拿着一根小树枝。他的上眼睑是建模的，雕刻的圆圈标志着每只眼睛的虹膜。细细的眉毛和微微眯起的深陷的眼睛给死者一种富有表现力的目光，这种目光与观众的目光不相遇，而是延伸到远方。他的短发被描绘成一团蜗牛形的卷发，像帽子一样覆盖着他的头，发际线对称排列成寡妇峰的形状。他的胡须勉强遮住他的下巴线，稀疏的胡子可能意味着他的年轻。他站在一片空白的背景前，上面有帕尔米林亚拉姆语的铭文，在他头的右侧可见，记录了他的姓名、血统以及他去世的月份和年份。帕尔米林历法的月份是基于早期的巴比伦历法，而年份是根据公元前312年开始的塞琉古时代计算的。
介绍（英）	Inscription: 1 Alas! 2 Nurbel, son of 3 Mokimu, (son of) Nurbel. 4 In (the month of) Qinyan, the year 5-7 492. Transliteration: 1 ḥbl 2 nwrbl br 3 mqymw nwrbl 4 bqnyn šnt 5 4.100 6 +80 7 +10+2 This relief is a type of funerary monument characteristic of the prosperous caravan city of Palmyra during the first three centuries A.D. Reliefs with a representation of the deceased and a short identifying inscription were used to seal burial niches in elaborately decorated communal tombs; those with a half-length or bust format became prevalent sometime after A.D. 65. The relief depicts the upper body of a bearded man dressed in a Greek garment known as a himation, which wraps around his right arm like a sling, holding a small leafy branch in his left hand. His upper eyelids are modeled, and carved circles mark the iris of each eye. The thin eyebrows and slightly narrowed, deep-set eyes give the deceased an expressive gaze, which does not meet the viewer’s but extends far into the distance. His short hair is depicted as a mass of snail-shaped curls that cover his head like a cap, with the hairline symmetrically arranged in the shape of a widow’s peak. His beard barely covers his jawline, its sparseness perhaps meant to suggest his youth. He stands in front of a blank background on which an inscription in Palmyrene Aramaic, visible to the right of his head, records his name, lineage, and the month and year of his death. The months of the Palmyrene calendar were based on the earlier Babylonian calendar, while the years were reckoned according to the Seleucid era, which began in 312 B.C.