葬礼救济 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	葬礼救济
品名（英）	Funerary relief
入馆年号	1901年，01.25.8
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元 125 - 公元 150
创作地区	来自于: （From: ）
分类
尺寸	17 英寸 × 13 3/4 英寸 × 7 5/8 英寸 (43.2 × 34.9 × 19.4 厘米)
介绍（中）	这种浮雕是公元前三个世纪繁荣的商队城市巴尔米拉的一种葬礼纪念碑，带有死者代表和简短识别铭文的浮雕被用来密封精心装饰的公共坟墓中的墓位;那些半长或半身像格式的人在公元65年之后的某个时候开始流行。这里展示的是一个高浮雕的无胡子男人的上半身，他直接面向观众，穿着被称为himation的希腊斗篷，穿在Chiton或束腰外衣上，像吊索一样缠绕在右臂上。衣服的褶皱被雕刻成一系列规则的图案状脊，没有逼真的重量感和体积感。他左手拿着一个小东西，可能是书卷或书写板。浮雕的背景在右侧被打破，但很可能用帕尔米林阿拉姆语刻有死者的姓名和血统。他的上眼睑是建模的，切开的圆圈标记了每只眼睛的虹膜。在眉脊上方，额头上有水平的皱纹，营造出严肃而谨慎的表情。目光不是与观众的目光相遇，而是延伸到远方。红色颜料的痕迹留在男人的短发上，被描绘成一团波浪形的头发，像帽子一样覆盖他的头，在他突出的耳朵上方结束。浮雕由柔软的当地石灰石雕刻而成，在头部和颈部之间的交界处横向断裂，鼻尖和右手有损坏和磨损的迹象。浮雕在风格上可以追溯到公元 125-150 年左右，因为该人物没有胡须，并且在 himation 的褶皱中使用了类似图案的半圆形。
介绍（英）	This relief is a type of funerary monument characteristic of the prosperous caravan city of Palmyra during the first three centuries A.D. Reliefs with a representation of the deceased and a short identifying inscription were used to seal burial niches in elaborately decorated communal tombs; those with a half-length or bust format became prevalent sometime after A.D. 65. Shown here is the upper body of a beardless man in high relief who faces directly toward the viewer, dressed in a Greek cloak known as a himation, worn over a chiton, or tunic, and wrapped around the right arm like a sling. The folds of the garment are carved as a series of regular, pattern-like ridges, without a realistic sense of weight and volume. He holds a small object in his left hand, probably a schedula (book roll) or a writing tablet. The background of the relief has been broken away on the right side, but was likely inscribed in Palmyrene Aramaic with the name and lineage of the deceased. His upper eyelids are modeled, and incised circles mark the iris of each eye. Above the ridge of the eyebrows, the forehead is creased with horizontal furrows, creating a stern and careworn expression. The gaze does not meet the viewer’s but extends far into the distance. Traces of red pigment remain on the man’s short hair, which is depicted as a mass of wavy locks that cover his head like a cap, ending above his protruding ears. Carved in soft local limestone, the relief has been broken laterally at the juncture between head and neck, and shows signs of damage and wear at the tip of the nose and on the right hand. The relief can be stylistically dated to around 125-150 A.D. because of the figure’s beardlessness and the use of pattern-like semicircular shapes among the folds of the himation.