葬礼救济 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	葬礼救济
品名（英）	Funerary relief
入馆年号	1901年，01.25.7
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元 50 - 公元 150
创作地区	来自于: （From: ）
分类
尺寸	10 13/16 英寸 × 9 3/4 英寸 × 8 英寸 (27.4 × 24.8 × 20.3 厘米)
介绍（中）	这种浮雕是公元前三个世纪繁荣的商队城市巴尔米拉的一种葬礼纪念碑，带有死者代表和简短识别铭文的浮雕被用来密封精心装饰的公共坟墓中的墓位;那些半长或半身像格式的人在公元65年之后的某个时候开始流行。浮雕描绘了一个高浮雕的无胡子男人的上半身，他直接面向观众。他的衣服在左肩上留下了痕迹，表明这可能是一件被称为himation的希腊斗篷。浮雕的背景在左侧被打破，但很可能用帕尔米林阿拉姆语刻有死者的姓名和血统。他的眼睛大尺寸和同心圆表示每只眼睛的虹膜和瞳孔，强调了他凝视的强度。眉毛和眼睑以凸起的脊为标志，鼻梁处有两条小的垂直沟。嘴巴两侧的褶皱，以坚定的线条设置，让人联想到中年人。目光不是与观众的目光相遇，而是延伸到远方。这名男子的短发被描绘成一团波浪形的头发，像帽子一样覆盖他的头，结束于耳朵上方。浮雕在风格上可以追溯到公元 50-150 年左右，因为该人物没有胡须、眼睛的大尺寸以及虹膜和瞳孔的处理。
介绍（英）	This relief is a type of funerary monument characteristic of the prosperous caravan city of Palmyra during the first three centuries A.D. Reliefs with a representation of the deceased and a short identifying inscription were used to seal burial niches in elaborately decorated communal tombs; those with a half-length or bust format became prevalent sometime after A.D. 65. The relief depicts the upper body of a beardless man in high relief who faces directly toward the viewer. A trace of his garment remains at the left shoulder, suggesting it may have been a Greek cloak known as a himation. The background of the relief has been broken away on the left side, but was likely inscribed in Palmyrene Aramaic with the name and lineage of the deceased. The intensity of his gaze is emphasized by the large size of his eyes, and the concentric circles indicating the iris and pupil of each eye. The eyebrows and eyelids are marked by raised ridges, with two small vertical furrows at the bridge of the nose. Creases at either side of the mouth, which is set in a firm line, evoke middle age. The gaze does not meet the viewer’s but extends far into the distance. The man’s short hair is depicted as a mass of wavy locks that cover his head like a cap, ending above the ears. The relief can be stylistically dated to around 50-150 A.D. because of the figure’s beardlessness, the large size of the eyes, and the treatment of the iris and pupil.