葬礼救济 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	葬礼救济
品名（英）	Funerary relief
入馆年号	1901年，01.25.4
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元 125 - 公元 150
创作地区	来自于: （From: ）
分类
尺寸	21 3/8 × 17 3/4 × 7 1/2 英寸 (54.3 × 45.1 × 19.1 厘米)
介绍（中）	这种浮雕是公元前三个世纪繁荣的商队城市巴尔米拉的一种葬礼纪念碑，带有死者代表和简短识别铭文的浮雕被用来密封精心装饰的公共坟墓中的墓位;那些半长或半身像格式的人在公元65年之后的某个时候开始流行。浮雕描绘了一个年轻、没有胡须的男人的上半身，他穿着一件被称为himation的希腊服装，它像吊索一样缠绕在他的右臂上，左手拿着一根小树枝。他的表情很平静，尽管他的眼睛的大尺寸，精心勾勒的眼睑以及指示每只眼睛虹膜和瞳孔的切开的同心圆强调了他目光的强度。他的头发被描绘成一排统一的波浪卷发，像帽子一样覆盖他的头，在他突出的耳朵上方结束。他站在用玫瑰花结固定在枝繁叶茂的树枝上的背布（垂布）前;左侧可能与剩下的一半相似，除了左边缘的树枝痕迹外，不见了。在他的头部右侧可以看到帕尔米林阿拉姆语的铭文，现在无法辨认，但可能记录了死者的姓名和血统。浮雕用柔软的当地石灰石雕刻而成，显示出磨损迹象，包括鼻尖断裂。从风格上讲，浮雕属于一组早期的帕尔米林男性葬礼肖像，可追溯到公元 125-150 年左右，该人物的无胡须以及眼睛的雕刻方式以及使用图案状的半圆形形状来描绘希姆的褶皱。
介绍（英）	This relief is a type of funerary monument characteristic of the prosperous caravan city of Palmyra during the first three centuries A.D. Reliefs with a representation of the deceased and a short identifying inscription were used to seal burial niches in elaborately decorated communal tombs; those with a half-length or bust format became prevalent sometime after A.D. 65. The relief depicts the upper body of a youthful, beardless man dressed in a Greek garment known as a himation, which wraps around his right arm like a sling, holding a small leafy branch in his left hand. His expression is serene, although the intensity of his gaze is emphasized by the large size of his eyes, the carefully outlined eyelids, and the incised concentric circles indicating the iris and pupil of each eye. His hair is depicted as a row of uniform wavy curls that cover his head like a cap, ending above his protruding ears. He stands in front of a dorsalium (draped cloth) affixed by a rosette to a leafy branch; the left side, which probably resembled the remaining half, is missing except for a trace of the branch at the left edge. An inscription in Palmyrene Aramaic, visible to the right of his head, is now illegible, but probably recorded the name and lineage of the deceased. Carved in soft local limestone, the relief shows signs of wear including a break at the tip of the nose. Stylistically, the relief belongs to an early group of Palmyrene male funerary portraits dating to about 125-150 A.D., evidenced by the figure’s beardlessness as well as by the manner in which the eyes are carved, and by the use of pattern-like semicircular shapes to depict the folds of the himation.