银德拉克姆 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	银德拉克姆
品名（英）	Silver drachm
入馆年号	1899年，99.35.2953
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 126 - 公元前 116
创作地区
分类
尺寸	Thickness 0.25 厘米., Diameter 2.3 厘米
介绍（中）	钱币学家——研究硬币的学者——将硬币的"正面"称为"正面"，"背面"通常以人或神的头像为特征在这枚银币的正面，国王的半身像面朝左侧。他留着卷曲的卷发和长胡子，头上戴着一顶王冠（古希腊获胜运动员戴的头带）。图像周围有一个点的边界反面显示一名坐着的男子面朝右。他在斗篷下穿袖子和裤子，还戴着一顶带耳瓣的尖帽子和一顶王冠。他手里拿着一把弓，弓弦向上。他坐在一个高靠背的宝座上。一个希腊铭文，上面写着"伟大的国王阿尔萨斯的著名"围绕着他这枚硬币由帕提亚国王米特里达梯二世（约公元前121年至91年在位）铸造。正面的国王可能是米特里达梯本人，戴着象征胜利的王冠。反面人物的身份是未知的；也许它是一个理想化的帕提亚国王，被描绘成一个弓箭手。弓箭手的姿势是以塞琉古国王铸造的硬币为模型的，这些硬币展示了希腊神阿波罗。帕提亚人在公元前三世纪建立帝国之前没有铸造硬币，所以他们早期的硬币是以他们征服的塞琉古帝国的硬币为基础的与几乎所有帕提亚货币上的铭文一样，这枚硬币上的铭文将帝国的第一位统治者命名为阿尔萨斯一世（约公元前247年至217年在位），而不是现任统治者米特里达梯。这可能是指阿尔萨斯建立的王朝，也可能是坐着的弓箭手代表他。也有可能所有帕提亚国王都被称为"阿尔萨斯"，作为头衔或王位名称。
介绍（英）	Numismatists – the scholars who study coins – refer to the ‘front’ side of the coin, which usually features the head of a person or god, as the ‘obverse,’ and the ‘back’ side as the ‘reverse.’ On the obverse of this silver coin, a bust of the king faces to the left. He has wavy hair ending in curls and a long beard, and he wears a diadem (the headband worn by victorious athletes in ancient Greece) on his head. A border of dots surrounds the image. The reverse shows a seated man facing right. He wears sleeves and trousers under a cloak, as well as a pointed hat with earflaps and a diadem. In his hand he holds a bow with the bowstring upwards. He sits on a high-backed throne. A Greek inscription, reading "of great king Arsaces the renowned" surrounds him. This coin was struck by the Parthian king Mithridates II (reigned ca. 121–91 B.C.). The king on the obverse is probably meant to be Mithridates himself, wearing a diadem as a symbol of victory. The identity of the figure on the reverse is unknown; perhaps it is an idealized Parthian king, depicted as an archer. The archer’s pose is modeled on the coins struck by the Seleucid kings, which show the Greek god Apollo. The Parthians did not strike coins before the foundation of their empire in the third century B.C., so they based their early coins on those of the Seleucid Empire, whose domains they conquered. The inscription on this coin, like those on almost all Parthian coins, names the first ruler of the empire Arsaces I (reigned ca. 247–217 B.C.), rather than the current ruler Mithridates. It may be a reference to the dynasty founded by Arsaces, or perhaps the seated archer is meant to represent him. It is also possible that all Parthian kings were called ‘Arsaces’ as a title or throne name.