蛇（Tunjo） - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	蛇（Tunjo）
品名（英）	Serpent (tunjo)
入馆年号	1992年，1992.92.1
策展部门	迈克尔·洛克菲勒之翼（The Michael C. Rockefeller Wing）
创作者
创作年份	公元 900 - 公元 1600
创作地区	哥伦比亚（Colombia）
分类	金属装饰品（Metal-Ornaments）
尺寸	高 1/8 × 宽 7/8 × 长 4 1/2 英寸 (0.3 × 2.2 × 11.4 厘米)
介绍（中）	在穆伊斯卡人作为祭品的许多动物吞霍族人中，蛇的描绘很常见。如这些例子所示，他们通常是带着胡须的头。湖泊被认为是神话中的祖先以蛇的形式居住，需要祭品。在圣菲德波哥大以北的瓜塔维塔湖举行的一次著名仪式上，人们向游客献上了金枪鱼，由此产生了著名的"黄金人"传说。16世纪的西班牙人回忆说，在上任之前，每一位穆伊斯卡统治者从头到脚都被金色的灰尘覆盖，并用木筏运送到湖心。在那里，他向水中投掷了大量的黄金，作为对神灵的祭品。自1530年代被征服以来的几个世纪里，在试图从瓜塔维塔湖（Lake Guatavita）恢复宝藏的过程中，无数人失去了生命和巨大的财富。其中一次是在16世纪末进行的，为了将湖水排干，在湖岸的山上凿了一个大缺口。湖床边缘发现了许多黄金制品和其他祭品，包括一枚鸡蛋大小的翡翠。许多这样的努力接踵而至，但湖泊的中心地带仍未受到影响。1965年，哥伦比亚政府宣布该湖为文化遗产，并将其置于法律保护之下。
介绍（英）	Depictions of snakes are frequent among the many animal tunjos the Muisca people made as offerings. They are often shown with whiskered heads, as on these examples. Lakes were believed to be inhabited by mythical ancestors in the form of snakes that required offerings. One well-known ritual during which tunjos were offered to Lake Guatavita, north of Santa Fé de Bogotá, gave rise to the famous legend of "El Dorado" (The Gilded Man). Sixteenth-century Spaniards recount that, before taking office, each Muisca ruler was covered from head to toe in gold dust and conveyed on a raft to the middle of the lake. There, he threw quantities of gold objects into the water as offerings to the gods. In the centuries since the conquest in the 1530s, countless lives and great fortunes have been lost in attempts to recover the treasures from Lake Guatavita. One, undertaken at the end of the sixteenth century, cut a great notch into the mountain on one side of the lake in an effort to drain it. Many gold objects and other offerings, including an emerald the size of a hen's egg, were recovered from the edges of the lake bed. Many such efforts have followed, but the central zone of the lake remains untouched. In 1965, the Colombian government declared the lake a cultural heritage site and placed it under legal protection.