神头像吊坠 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	神头像吊坠
品名（英）	Deity Head Pendant
入馆年号	1991年，1991.362.2
策展部门	迈克尔·洛克菲勒之翼（The Michael C. Rockefeller Wing）
创作者
创作年份	公元 400 - 公元 600
创作地区	危地马拉或墨西哥（Guatemala or Mexico）
分类	石头装饰品（Stone-Ornaments）
尺寸	高 2 3/4 × 宽 1 15/16 × 深 13/16 英寸 (7 × 4.9 × 2.1 厘米)
介绍（中）	这件玉佩描绘了一位戴着头带和由黄貂鱼脊椎组成的王冠的神。这位神有一双突出、凸起的眼睛，瞳孔呈螺旋状。在球根状的鼻子下面是一张向下弯曲的嘴，从两侧露出两个卷嘴，从中央露出一颗鲨鱼的牙齿。头带被描绘成至少三次缠绕在神的头上。王冠的中心元素是一个三角形，其中心有一条直线，向外边缘有多个切口；这是玛雅艺术中对黄貂鱼脊椎的典型描绘。尽管艺术家赋予这个特定神的属性并不一定意味着某个特定的已知神，但鲨鱼的牙齿和螺旋瞳孔在各种雨神和太阳神的描绘中很常见。黄貂鱼脊椎头饰不同寻常。黄貂鱼刺在涉及放血仪式的神话场景和文本中很常见，因为玛雅统治者使用这些刺来制作大量的王室血液。这个吊坠表面和切口上的红色颜料表明，它是在葬礼上提供的，因为玛雅人的坟墓在密封之前经常涂上朱砂或氧化铁 James Doyle，2016年
介绍（英）	This jade pendant depicts a deity wearing a headband and a diadem composed of a stingray spine. The deity has prominent, bulging eyes with spiraled pupils. Under the bulbous nose is a downturned mouth, from which emerge two volutes from either side and a single shark’s tooth from the center. A headband is depicted as wrapped at least three times around the head of the deity. The central element of the diadem is a triangular shape that has a line running up its center and multiple incisions flaring towards the outer borders; this is a typical depiction of a stingray spine in Maya art. Although the attributes that the artist ascribed to this particular deity do not necessarily suggest a specific known god, the shark’s tooth and the spiral pupils are common on the various depictions of the rain and sun deities. The stingray spine head ornament is unusual. Stingray spines were common in mythological scenes and texts involving bloodletting rituals as Maya rulers used the barbed spines to produce profuse offerings of royal blood. The red pigment present on the surface of this pendant and in the incisions indicate that it was offered in a funerary context because Maya tombs were often coated with cinnabar or iron oxides before they were sealed. James Doyle, 2016