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美国纽约大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅
美国纽约大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅
美国大都会艺术博物馆中的24万件展品,图片展示以及中文和英文双语介绍(中文翻译仅供参考)
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品名(中)轮廓战士饰品
品名(英)Profile Warrior Ornament
入馆年号1987年,1987.394.73
策展部门迈克尔·洛克菲勒之翼The Michael C. Rockefeller Wing
创作者
创作年份公元 500 - 公元 700
创作地区秘鲁(Peru)
分类金属装饰品(Metal-Ornaments)
尺寸高 9 5/8 英寸 (24.5 厘米)
介绍(中)这个战士形象,如轮廓所示,由秘鲁莫切文化的工匠用镀金铜板制成。他们通过人物的重量在前进的脚上来指示步行运动,而另一条腿弯曲以向前迈出一步。这幅雕像是大都会收藏中的两幅之一(另一幅是入藏号1987.394.74),身着传统的莫切战士王冠。他戴着一个阶梯式头饰,上面有一个月牙形,头后面挂着的延伸部分可能代表他包裹的头发。束腰外衣和缠腰布构成了他的衣服,腰部的延伸部分可能代表背襟,一种防弹衣。头饰、发巾、束腰外衣和背盖都有水平线的铭文图案。束腰外衣的下边框具有相交的三角形,这是在其他莫切人物上看到的细节(例如,参见大都会馆藏号1979.206.1247)。

战士的身体由一块压花金属制成,手臂由一个补充部分组成,通过内部法兰连接到躯干。这个人物左手握着一根由一块单独的铜制成的长狼牙棒。右臂可能曾经存在,但现在失去了。悬挂在扁平铜线上的圆形吊坠装饰着太阳穴和后脑勺。眼睛由白色贝壳制成,瞳孔是不同的贝壳类型,可能是紫色的Spondylus。(外壳的原始颜色已随着时间的推移而褪色。这位战士在埋葬时可能被纺织品覆盖,因为腐蚀中嵌入了织物的痕迹,铜铜锈中存在纺织品印记。一只脚底的一个洞里有一小块可能是粗线的残余物,表明这个人物可能是缝制或固定在某种类型的背衬上。

这些和其他类似的轮廓图的功能是未知的。据说这些物品是在洛马内格拉的墓地发现的,洛马内格拉是莫切文化最北端的前哨之一。粘附在数字上的纺织品的存在表明这些物体与布料之间的关系,至少在埋葬时是这样,但目前尚不清楚这些金属物体在安葬前是如何使用的。它们可能被附在纺织品横幅上或作为束腰外衣的一部分穿着。这些数字的确切数字尚不确定,但至少已知四个这种规模。虽然这些人物被清楚地描绘成手持狼牙棒向前大步前进,但其他较小的人物被描绘成蹲伏并拿着投掷矛的人。事实上,这个物体及其补体(1987.394.74)和较小的战士人物(1987.394.70-72;1987.394.85-86)朝相反的方向,可能表明他们围绕着一个中心人物或物体,或者被安排在旗帜的两侧。这些较大的数字与来自Loma Negra的较小数字之间的关系尚未确定。

Moche(也称为Mochicas)于公元200-850年在秘鲁北海岸蓬勃发展,比印加人崛起早几个世纪。在大约六个世纪的时间里,莫切人建立了繁荣的区域中心,从南部的内佩尼亚河谷到北部的皮乌拉河,靠近与厄瓜多尔的现代边界,将沿海沙漠发展成肥沃的农田,并利用太平洋洪堡洋流丰富的海洋资源。虽然莫切政治组织的确切性质尚不清楚,但这些中心具有统一的文化特征,如宗教习俗(Donnan,2010)。Loma Negra的金属作品与在南部的Moche遗址(如Ucupe)发现的陶瓷和金属制品具有相似的图像。然而,Loma Negra和Moche"中心地带"之间的确切关系仍然是一个争论的主题(Kaulicke,2006)。

参考文献和进一步阅读布尔

歇,史蒂夫。Les rois mochica: Divinité et pouvoir dans le Pérou ancient.巴黎:索莫吉艺术学院;日内瓦:MEG,日内瓦民族志博物馆,2014年。迪

塞尔霍夫,汉斯-迪特里希。"Metallschmuck aus der Loma Negra, Vicus(北秘鲁)。"《安提克世界报》第3卷(1972年),第43-53页。
介绍(英)This warrior figure, shown in profile, was made from gilded copper sheet by artisans of Peru’s Moche culture. They indicated a walking motion by the way the weight of the figure is on the advanced foot, while the other leg is bent to initiate a step forward. The figure, one of two in the Met’s collection (the other is accession number 1987.394.74), is dressed in traditional Moche warrior regalia. He wears a stepped headdress surmounted by a crescent, and an extension hanging behind the head probably represents his wrapped hair. A tunic and loincloth constitute his garments, and an extension from his waist may represent a back flap, a type of body armor. The headdress, hair wrap, tunic, and back flap have an inscribed pattern of horizontal lines. The lower border of the tunic features intersecting triangles, a detail seen on other Moche figures (see, for example, Met accession number 1979.206.1247).

The warrior’s body is made from a single piece of embossed metal with the arm formed from a supplemental piece attached to torso by an interior flange. The figure grasps a long mace, made of a separate piece of copper, in his left hand. It is possible that a right arm once existed but is now lost. Round dangles suspended from flat copper wires adorn the temple and back of the head. The eye was made of white shell, with a pupil of a different shell type, perhaps purple Spondylus. (The original color of the shell has faded over time.) The warrior was probably covered with textiles when buried, as traces of fabric are embedded in the corrosion and textile impressions are present in the copper patina. A small remnant of what may have been a thick thread is present in a hole in the sole of one foot indicating that this figure may have been sewn or affixed onto a backing of some type.

The function of these and other similar profile figures is unknown. These objects were said to have been found at the burial site of Loma Negra, one of the most northern outposts of Moche culture. The presence of textiles adhered to the figures indicates a relationship between these objects and cloth, at least at the time of burial, but it is unclear how these metal objects were used before interment. They may have been attached to textile banners or worn as part of a tunic. The exact number of these figures is uncertain but at least four of this size are known. Although these figures are clearly depicted striding forward with maces, other, smaller figures are depicted crouching and holding spear throwers. The fact that this object and its complement (1987.394.74), and smaller warrior figures (1987.394.70-72; 1987.394.85-86), face in opposing directions may indicate that they surrounded a central figure or object, or were arranged on two sides of a banner. The relationship of these larger figures to the smaller figures from Loma Negra has not been determined.

The Moche (also known as the Mochicas) flourished on Peru’s North Coast from AD 200-850, centuries before the rise of the Incas. Over the course of some six centuries, the Moche built thriving regional centers from the Nepeña River Valley in the south to perhaps as far north as the Piura River, near the modern border with Ecuador, developing coastal deserts into rich farmlands and drawing upon the abundant maritime resources of the Pacific Ocean’s Humboldt Current. Although the precise nature of Moche political organization is unknown, these centers shared unifying cultural traits such as religious practices (Donnan, 2010). Loma Negra works in metal share similar iconography with ceramics and metalwork found at Moche sites father to the south, such as Ucupe (Bourget, 2014). The exact relationship between Loma Negra and the Moche “heartland,” however, remains a subject of debate (Kaulicke, 2006).

References and Further Reading

Bourget, Steve. Les rois mochica: Divinité et pouvoir dans le Pérou ancient. Paris: Somogy éditions d'art; Geneva: MEG, Musée d'ethnographie de Genève, 2014.

Disselhoff, Hans-Dietrich. "Metallschmuck aus der Loma Negra, Vicus (Nord-Peru)." Antike Welt vol. 3 (1972), pp. 43–53.
  大都会艺术博物馆,英文 Metropolitan Museum of Art,是美国最大的艺术博物馆,世界著名博物馆,位于美国纽约第五大道的82号大街。
  大都会博物馆回顾了人类自身的文明史的发展,与中国北京的故宫、英国伦敦的大英博物馆、法国巴黎的卢浮宫、俄罗斯圣彼得堡的艾尔米塔什博物馆并称为世界五大博物馆。