小鸟吊坠 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	小鸟吊坠
品名（英）	Bird Pendant
入馆年号	1979年，1979.206.509
策展部门	迈克尔·洛克菲勒之翼（The Michael C. Rockefeller Wing）
创作者
创作年份	公元 900 - 公元 1600
创作地区	哥伦比亚（Colombia）
分类	金属装饰品（Metal-Ornaments）
尺寸	高 4 x 宽 4 3/8 x 深 3/4 英寸 (10.2 x 11.1 x 1.9 厘米)
介绍（中）	穆伊斯卡人居住在安第斯山脉东部高山肥沃的盆地中，靠近现在的哥伦比亚首都圣达菲德波哥大。由于他们的领土上没有黄金来源，他们用祖母绿、棉布和盐来交换珍贵的材料。穆伊斯卡金器在功能和制造上与其他前哥伦布时期的金制品不同。许多是奉献品，而不是可穿戴物品。它们总是由tumbaga制成的失蜡铸件，tumbaga是一种可能含有多达70%铜的合金，而且它们的表面不那么光滑。它们经常未经抛光，就像这个吊坠一样。鸟形吊坠在前哥伦布时期的美洲很受欢迎，特别是在巴拿马地峡地区，它们的基本形式 - 头部和展开的翅膀和尾巴 - 非常一致。然而，在邻近的哥伦比亚，鸟类吊坠在设计和组成上差异很大。这个例子展示了一个典型的地峡形态，但它比地峡的形态更华丽和详细。它的特点是镂空图案、悬垂、浮雕人脸和鸟胸上的切割几何图案。人脸的蜡模型是在石头基质上加工的。这里描绘的鸟类无法确定。
介绍（英）	The Muisca people lived in the fertile basins in the high mountains of the eastern Andes near the present capital of Colombia, Santa Fe de Bogotá. As there were no sources of gold in their territory, they bartered emeralds, cotton cloth, and salt for the precious material. Muisca gold objects differ from other Precolumbian gold works in function and manufacture. Many are votive offerings rather than wearable objects. They are invariably lost-wax casts of tumbaga, an alloy that could contain as much as 70 percent copper, and their surfaces are not as smooth. They were often left unpolished, as was this pendant. Bird-form pendants were popular in Precolumbian America, particularly in the region of the Isthmus of Panama, where their basic form—head and spread wings and tail—was quite consistent. In adjacent Colombia, however, bird pendants vary greatly in design and composition. This example displays a typical Isthmian morphology, but it is more ornate and detailed than Isthmian ones. It features cut-out motifs, dangles, a relief human face, and incised geometric designs on the bird's chest. The wax model for the human face was worked over a stone matrix. The bird species depicted here cannot be determined.