碗 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	碗
品名（英）	Bowl
入馆年号	1978年，1978.412.63
策展部门	迈克尔·洛克菲勒之翼（The Michael C. Rockefeller Wing）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1 - 公元 400
创作地区	秘鲁（Peru）
分类	陶瓷容器（Ceramics-Containers）
尺寸	高 3 3/8 x 宽 5 1/2 x 深 7 3/4 英寸 (8.6 x 14 x 19.7 厘米)
介绍（中）	尽管装饰精美的纳斯卡船只是在专门的车间制造的，但最近在小型居住场所的发现表明，彩绘盘子和敞口碗的使用并不局限于生活在纪念性遗址中的人。这些船只广泛分布在人群中，并用于任何社会经济地位的家庭。盘子和碗可能是在宴会期间获得的，这给精英们提供了机会，通过在人群中展示和分发著名的工艺品来提高自己的地位。这只碗展示了大型猛禽将人类斩首。白色背景中充满了长矛、兽形头部和圆形物体，这些物体被解释为吊石。纳斯卡人有猎头崇拜；考古学家偶尔会发现一些带有携带绳索的战利品头像。频繁地描绘断头是纳斯卡陶瓷艺术最显著的特征之一。根据纳斯卡考古专家的说法，断头是在领土冲突期间获得的战争战利品，然后用于仪式目的。它们可能被视为控制水和农业生产力的神圣手段。
介绍（英）	Although finely decorated Nazca vessels were made in specialized workshops, recent discoveries in small habitation sites show that the use of painted plates and open bowls was not limited to people living in monumental sites. These vessels were widely distributed among the population and used in households of any socioeconomic status. Plates and bowls were probably obtained during feasts, which gave opportunities to elites to enhance their own status by displaying and distributing prestigious crafts among the population. This bowl shows large raptorial birds decapitating human beings. The white background is filled with spears, zoomorphic heads, and circular objects interpreted as sling stones. The Nazca had a headhunting cult; caches of several trophy heads with carrying ropes have been discovered occasionally by archaeologists. The frequent depiction of severed heads is one of the most distinctive features of Nazca ceramic art. According to specialists of Nazca archaeology, heads were trophies of warfare that were obtained during territorial conflicts, and then used for ritual purposes. They were probably seen as sacred means for the control of water and agricultural fertility.