双蝙蝠头人形吊坠 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	双蝙蝠头人形吊坠
品名（英）	Double-Bat-Head Figure Pendant
入馆年号	1966年，66.196.32
策展部门	迈克尔·洛克菲勒之翼（The Michael C. Rockefeller Wing）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1100 - 公元 1400
创作地区	巴拿马（Panama）
分类	金属装饰品（Metal-Ornaments）
尺寸	高 4 1/2 × 宽 4 1/2 × 深 2 3/8 英寸 (11.4 × 11.4 × 6 厘米)
介绍（中）	两个镜像生物构成了这个金色和绿色石头吊坠的中心部分，在欧洲人到来之前的几个世纪里，巴拿马中部的统治者会佩戴这个吊坠。这些人物在他们像人一样的外侧手中拿着巨大的桨状球杆或其他物体，并用串珠项圈装饰他们的圆柱形躯干。这些个体有着相同的变焦头或面具，其上翘的鼻子让人想起地峡特有的热带蝙蝠。凸起的眼睛、双螺旋形的耳朵和长着牙齿的嘴巴为这些生物的脸增添了神话般的色彩。金工使用失蜡工艺将吊坠的上部用金铜合金铸造，然后在抛光前用耗尽镀金来丰富表面人的下半身由雕刻和抛光的绿色石头组成，呈弯曲的方形附属物。这种形状让人想起抹香鲸（小头鲸）的大牙齿，在巴拿马的这一地区，人们发现抹香鲸的牙齿被雕刻成圆形，具有类似的变焦图像。绿石在古代中美洲和中美洲是一种重要的奢侈品，在巴拿马发现了许多精美的绿石帝王据报道，这个吊坠来自20世纪60年代初在巴拿马Parita湾周围太平洋地区挖掘的一系列丰富的坟墓。与Parita组合相关的黄金作品以类似于本例的单和双图形吊坠的复杂表示为特色。在附近的Sitio Conte和El Caño进行的科学发掘中，人们知道了如此丰富的陪葬品，重要的政治领导人被埋葬在那里，并佩戴了金吊坠、牌匾、绿岩和金耳饰，还有献祭的侍从　附加阅读： 2013。丹佛美术馆"Parita Treasure"的黄金首饰。在Young Sanchez，Margaret主编的《前哥伦布时期的艺术与考古：纪念弗雷德里克·R·梅尔的随笔》中：；2007年丹佛美术馆梅耶尔中心研讨会。，第83-98页。丹佛：丹佛美术馆。
介绍（英）	Two mirrored beings form the central part of this gold-and-greenstone pendant, which would have been worn by a ruler in central Panama in the centuries before European arrival. The figures hold large paddle-like clubs or other objects in their outer, humanlike hands and adorn their cylindrical torsos with representations of beaded collars. The individuals feature identical zoomorphic heads or masks, the upturned noses of which recall tropical bats endemic to the Isthmus. The bulging eyes, double-spiraled ears, and toothed mouth add a mythological dimension to the beings’ faces. The goldworker cast the upper portion of the pendant in gold-copper alloy using the lost-wax process and then likely enriched the surface with depletion gilding before polishing. The lower portion of the being’s bodies is composed of carved and polished greenstone in the form of a curving, fang-shaped appendage. The shape recalls the large teeth of the sperm whale (Physeter microcephalus), which have been found sculpted in the round with similar zoomorphic imagery in this region of Panama. Greenstone was an important luxury material in ancient Mesoamerica and Central America, and many examples of fine greenstone regalia have been recovered from Panama. This pendant reportedly comes from a series of rich graves excavated in the early 1960s in the Pacific region around Parita Bay, Panama. The gold works associated with the Parita assemblage feature complex representations of single and double-figure pendants similar to this example. Such rich grave goods are known from scientific excavations at the nearby Sitio Conte and El Caño, where important political leaders were buried with gold pendants, plaques, greenstone-and-gold ear ornaments, and sacrificed attendants. 　 Additional Reading: Bray, Warwick 2013. Gold Jewelry from the "Parita Treasure" in the Denver Art Museum. In Young-Sanchez, Margaret, ed. Pre-Columbian Art and Archaeology: Essays in Honor of Frederick R. Mayer: papers from the 2002 & 2007 Mayer Center Symposia at the Denver Art Museum., pp. 83-98. Denver: Denver Art Museum.