波士顿，鹰和雁看到了 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	波士顿，鹰和雁看到了
品名（英）	Boston, as the Eagle and the Wild Goose See It
入馆年号	1999年，2005.100.87
策展部门	摄影（Photographs）
创作者	James Wallace Black【1825 至 1896】【美国人】
创作年份	公元 1860
创作地区
分类	照片（Photographs）
尺寸	图像: 18.5 x 16.7 厘米 (7 5/16 x 6 9/16 英寸), irregularly tri毫米ed Mount: 20.3 x 17 厘米 (8 x 6 11/16 英寸), irregularly tri毫米ed
介绍（中）	在索斯沃斯和霍伊斯之后，约翰·惠普尔和詹姆斯·布莱克的合作关系是波士顿最重要的。布莱克的职业生涯始于1845年，当时他在当地的两家达盖尔工作室担任首席制版师。到1852年，他成为惠普尔的学徒，并在四年内成为该公司的合伙人。1857年至1860年间，布莱克独自管理这项业务，而惠普尔则在哈佛大学天文台完成了为期三年的天体科学探索。布莱克对天文学或抽象科学不太感兴趣，他于1859年离开惠普尔，将相机对准自己的星球。布莱克以1872年毁灭性大火后的波士顿照片而闻名，他于1860年开始了他的独奏生涯，制作了一系列从塞缪尔·金的热气球空中女王号拍摄的航拍照片。布莱克对波士顿的景色是美国拍摄的第一张航拍照片;两年前，法国人纳达尔创造了历史，对巴黎提出了类似的看法。布莱克的照片引起了哈佛大学诗人兼医学教授奥利弗·温德尔·福尔摩斯（Oliver Wendell Holmes）的注意，他为这张照片起了名字。1863年7月，福尔摩斯在《大西洋月刊》上写道："波士顿，正如鹰和大雁所看到的那样，与固体公民仰望屋檐和烟囱的同一个地方截然不同。老南[聚会所]和三一教堂[左中右下]是两个不容误会的地标。华盛顿街[底部]倾斜在图片上，形成一条狭窄的裂缝。牛奶街（左中）蜿蜒曲折，仿佛给它起名字的老牛道被商业宫殿的建造者所遵循。窗户、烟囱和天窗在视野的中心部分吸引着眼球，轮廓分明，数量令人眼花缭乱......作为[航空摄影]的第一次尝试，总的来说，这是一个了不起的成功;但它最大的兴趣在于展示我们可能希望看到的朝着同一方向实现的目标。仅仅两年后，联邦军队在弗吉尼亚半岛战役期间使用气球摄影来监视同盟军。
介绍（英）	After Southworth and Hawes, the partnership of John Whipple and James Black was the most important in Boston. Black's career began humbly in 1845 as chief plate polisher in two local daguerreian studios. By 1852 he was apprenticed to Whipple, and within four years he was a partner in the firm. Between 1857 and 1860, Black managed the business single-handedly, while Whipple completed a three-year scientific exploration of celestial bodies at the Harvard College Observatory. Less interested in astronomy or abstract science, Black left Whipple in 1859 to focus the camera on his own planet. Best known for his photographs of Boston after the devasting fire of 1872, Black launched his solo career in 1860 with the production of a series of aerial photographs taken from Samuel King's hot-air balloon the Queen of the Air. Black's views of Boston were the first aerial photographs made in America; two years earlier the Frenchman Nadar had made history making similar views of Paris. Black's photographs caught the attention of Oliver Wendell Holmes, a poet and professor of medicine at Harvard, who gave this photograph its title. In July 1863, Holmes wrote in the Atlantic Monthly: "Boston, as the eagle and wild goose see it, is a very different object from the same place as the solid citizen looks up at its eaves and chimneys. The Old South [Meeting House] and Trinity Church [left center and lower right] are two landmarks not to be mistaken. Washington Street [bottom] slants across the picture as a narrow cleft. Milk Street [left center] winds as if the old cowpath which gave it a name had been followed by the builders of its commercial palaces. Windows, chimneys, and skylights attract the eye in the central parts of the view, exquisitely defined, bewildering in numbers...As a first attempt [at aerial photography] it is on the whole a remarkable success; but its greatest interest is in showing what we may hope to see accomplished in the same direction." Only two years later the Union Army would use balloon photography to spy on Confederate troops during the Peninsular Campaign in Virginia.