拳头护盾 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	拳头护盾
品名（英）	Fist Shield
入馆年号	1914年，14.25.732
策展部门	武器和盔甲（Arms and Armor）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1501 - 公元 1600
创作地区	原产国: 意大利（Country of Origin: Italy）
分类	护罩（Shields）
尺寸	高 11 4/5 英寸 (30 厘米); 宽 11 13/16 英寸 (30 厘米)
介绍（中）	屏蔽外形呈梯形，中间部分呈纵向凸起，侧边缘略微向前弯曲。它的边缘用锤击的转弯和铆钉的半球形头部加固，铆钉曾经固定着内衬。一个由六根钢条组成的框架被铆接在表面，以阻止并诱捕对手的刀片。中心的钩子也可以起到这个作用，但它的主要用途是携带附在腰带上的盾牌，把手放在外面，随时可以抓住。把手由桥接中央分隔带的中空部分的钢带固定自13世纪以来，镶有钢铁的小型圆桶被用于击剑；不用时，它们通常挂在腰带上或剑柄上。中脊中空的四边形盾牌起源于东欧，出现于14世纪的立陶宛塔格；最初，这些防水布是用皮革覆盖的木头制成的，以防止裂开。在16世纪，正式的击剑是用剑杆和挡匕首练习的，尽管保守的击剑运动员保留了圆形或方形的匕首，并用钩等巧妙的装置来加强。这两种技术都在1536年博洛尼亚击剑大师Achille Marozzo的论文《歌剧新星》（Opera nova）的木刻中得到了说明。
介绍（英）	The shield is trapezoidal in outline and longitudinally convex in its median section, with the side edges slightly bent forward. It is reinforced around its edges with hammered turns and the semiglobular heads of the rivets, which once held the lining. A framework of six steel rods is riveted to the surface to stop and entrap an opponent's blade. The hook in the center could also serve this function, but its main purpose was for carrying the shield attached to a waist belt, with its grip on the outside ready to be grasped. The grip is secured by steel straps bridging the hollow of the median ridge. Since the thirteenth century, small round bucklers faced with steel had been used in sword fencing; when not in use they were usually hung from the belt or over the sword hilt. The quadrangular shield with a hollow mid-ridge is of eastern European origin, and appeared in the fourteenth century as the Lithuanian targe; originally these targes were of wood covered with leather to prevent splitting. In the sixteenth century, formal fencing was practiced with rapier and parrying dagger, though conservative fencers retained round or square bucklers, enhanced with cunning devices such as the catch hook. Both techniques are illustrated in the woodcuts of the treatise Opera nova, 1536, by the Bolognese fencing master Achille Marozzo.