猫头鹰头胸针 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	猫头鹰头胸针
品名（英）	Brooch in the form of an owl head
入馆年号	2014年，2014.713.10
策展部门	欧洲雕塑和装饰艺术（European Sculpture and Decorative Arts）
创作者	Castellani
创作年份	公元 1855 - 公元 1865
创作地区
分类	金属制品黄金和铂金（Metalwork-Gold and Platinum）
尺寸	整体 (confirmed): 1 5/8 x 1 3/8 x 7/16 英寸 (4.1 x 3.5 x 1.1 厘米)F4
介绍（中）	这个物体及其所属的群体（另见2014.713.1–.10）反映了人们对19世纪欧洲历史风格的浓厚兴趣。艺术家和设计师在不同的艺术时期寻找形式和主题。人们也有兴趣以历史准确性复制早期的艺术作品，这种方法在所谓的考古珠宝（基于古代出土文物的珠宝）的品味中尤为明显，该珠宝在本世纪中叶达到了顶峰这一时期制作的珠宝包括伊特鲁里亚、古罗马、早期基督教、拜占庭和中世纪风格。罗马的卡斯特拉尼公司开创并主导了考古珠宝的生产。该公司由Fortunato Pio Castellani于1814年创立，在1927年关闭之前，由家族三代人经营。卡斯特拉尼珠宝在欧洲社会的最高圈子里获得了巨大的人气，它的成功鼓励了许多珠宝商以类似的方式工作，包括卡洛·朱利安诺和他的儿子亚瑟，他们于19世纪末在伦敦成立了一家成功的公司唤起古代气息的艺术作品的流行确保了客串的流行。用玛瑙、红玛瑙和玛瑙等坚硬的石头雕刻而成，描绘古希腊或罗马主题的浮雕或剪影肖像通常用黄金作为珠宝。最熟练的客串雕刻师，如贝内德托·皮斯特鲁奇和路易吉·索里尼，都制作出了技术精湛的作品。他们的客串是由Castellani等珠宝商专门设计的底座，从而产生了一些19世纪最好的装饰艺术作品 [Jeffrey H.Munger，2010年]
介绍（英）	This object and the group to which it belongs (see also 2014.713.1–.10) reflect the keen interest in historical styles in nineteenth-century Europe. Artists and designers looked to various artistic periods for forms and motifs. There was also an interest in reproducing works of art from earlier epochs with historical accuracy—an approach that is particularly evident in the taste for so-called archaeological jewelry (jewelry based on excavated examples from antiquity), which reached its zenith in the middle of the century. The jewelry made during this period encompassed Etruscan, ancient Roman, early Christian, Byzantine, and medieval styles. The firm of Castellani in Rome both pioneered and dominated the production of archaeological jewelry. Founded by Fortunato Pio Castellani in 1814, the company was run by three generations of the family before closing in 1927. Castellani jewelry achieved enormous popularity in the highest circles of European society, and its success encouraged many jewelers to work in a similar hisotiricizing vein, including Carlo Giuliano and his son Arthur, who established a successful firm in London in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. The fashion for works of art that evoked antiquity ensured the popularity of cameos. Carved from hardstones such as onyx, sardonyx, and agate, cameos depicting subjects from ancient Greece or Rome or portraits executed in silhouette were often mounted in gold as jewelry. The most proficient cameo carvers, such as Benedetto Pistrucci and Luigi Saulini, produced works of remarkable technical skill. Their cameos were set in specially designed mounts by jewelers such as the Castellani, resulting in some of the finest decorative works of art of the nineteenth century. [Jeffrey H. Munger, 2010]