巴西拉德牌手表 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	巴西拉德牌手表
品名（英）	Basilard
入馆年号	1904年，04.3.141
策展部门	武器和盔甲（Arms and Armor）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1515 - 公元 1565
创作地区	原产国: 意大利（Country of Origin: Italy）
分类	匕首（Daggers）
尺寸	长 12 1/2 英寸 (31.8 厘米); 宽 3 1/4 (8.3 厘米); 重 5.2 盎司 (147.4 g)
介绍（中）	在中世纪和文艺复兴时期，除了作为重要的军事武器外，匕首还被社会各阶层作为日常着装的一部分佩戴。它们被用作工具、餐具和自卫的现成手段。匕首通常被带在腰带的鞘中，大小各异。匕首上的装饰数量和类型完全取决于主人的品味和手段。然而，很少有人像《旧约》中装饰这个例子的木雕把手的主题那样精致和详细。早期基督徒根据犹太教最神圣的教义Tanakh改编了《旧约》，为《新约》中耶稣基督的降临奠定了圣经基础。《新约》中的事件和人物在基督教传统中被视为希伯来圣经的神圣顶点和实现。因此，这两个遗嘱中的人物和场景经常出现在这把匕首等武器的装饰中这把剑柄中央的人物是年轻的以色列英雄大卫，他左手拿着巨人歌利亚的头，右手拿着歌利亚的剑。大卫的裸体——除了一件披在胸部和一个肩膀上的斗篷外，他没有穿衣服——象征着他与非利士军队冠军歌利亚单挑时的青春和天真。《旧约》记载了他们战斗的高潮："当非利士人靠近攻击他时，大卫迅速跑向战线迎接他。他把手伸进包里，拿出一块石头，扔了出去，击中了非利士人的前额。石头沉入他的前额，他脸朝下倒在地上……大卫跑过去站在他身上。他抓住非利士人手中的剑，从刀鞘中拔出。杀死他后用剑砍下他的头"（撒母耳记17:48–49，51）。这个故事讲述了一个只带着弹弓的男孩击败了一个巨大的战士，代表了基督教通过信仰的力量战胜了巨大的困难。大卫也代表了旧约和新约之间的重要联系，因为他是马太福音（马太福音1:1–17）中概述的家谱中耶稣的直系祖先像大卫一样，剑柄底部的狮子头和公羊头是力量和勇气的象征。
介绍（英）	In addition to functioning as essential military side arms, daggers were worn by all classes of society as a part of everyday dress in medieval and Renaissance Europe. They were used as tools, as eating utensils, and as a ready means of self-defense. Daggers were generally carried in a sheath at the belt and varied greatly in size. The amount and type of decoration displayed on a dagger depended entirely upon the taste and means of its owner. Few, however, exhibit images as elaborate and detailed as the Old Testament subjects that adorn the carved wood grip of this example. The old Testament was adapted by early Christians from the Tanakh, the most sacred teachings of Judaism, to provide the scriptural foundation for the advent of Jesus Christ as told in the New Testament. The events and characters of the New Testament are seen in the Christian tradition as the divinely ordained culmination and fulfillment of the Hebrew scriptures. Therefore, figures and scenes from both testaments often occur in the decoration of weapons such as this dagger. The figure at the center of this hilt is the young Israelite hero David, who holds the head of the giant Goliath in his left hand and Goliath's sword in his right. David's nudity––he is unclothed save for a cloak draped across his chest and one shoulder––symbolizes his youth and innocence at the time of his single combat with Goliath, the champion of the Philistine army. The climax of their fight is recounted in the Old Testament: "As the Philistine moved closer to attack him, David ran quickly toward the battle line to meet him. Reaching into his bag and taking out a stone, he slung it and struck the Philistine on the forehead. The stone sank into his forehead, and he fell facedown on the ground... David ran and stood over him. He took hold of the Philistine's sword and drew it from the scabbard. After he killed him, he cut off his head with the sword" (1 Samuel 17:48–49, 51). This story of a boy armed only with a sling defeating a giant warrior came to stand for Christianity triumphing against great odds through the power of faith. David also represents an important link between the Old and New Testaments, for he is a direct ancestor of Jesus in the genealogy outlined in the Gospel of Matthew (Matthew 1:1–17). Like David, the lion's head and the rams' heads at the base of the hilt are symbols of strength and courage.